Abstract
The common carotid artery (CCA) supplies intra- and extra-cranial vascular beds. An area in the medulla controlling CCA blood flow is defined as the dorsal facial area (DFA) by Kuo et al. in 1987. In the DFA, presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers innervate preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons which give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic 7th and 9th cranial nerves. Released glutamate from presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers can activate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4- propionic acid (AMPA) receptors on preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons. By modulating this glutamate release, several neurochemicals including serotonin, arginine, nitric oxide, nicotine, choline and ATP in the DFA regulate CCA blood flow. Understanding the neurochemical regulatory mechanisms can provide important insights of the physiological roles of the DFA, and may help develop therapeutic strategies for diseases involving CCA blood flow, such as migraine, hypertensive disease, Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemic stroke.
Keywords: Carotid artery, Cerebral blood flow, Medulla, Parasympathetic nucleus, Vascular regulation, Neurotransmitter
Current Neuropharmacology
Title:Neurochemicals Involved in Medullary Control of Common Carotid Blood Flow
Volume: 11 Issue: 5
Author(s): Chi-Li Gong, Yuk-Man Leung, Ming-Ren Wang, Nai-Nu Lin, Tony Jer-Fu Lee and Jon-Son Kuo
Affiliation:
Keywords: Carotid artery, Cerebral blood flow, Medulla, Parasympathetic nucleus, Vascular regulation, Neurotransmitter
Abstract: The common carotid artery (CCA) supplies intra- and extra-cranial vascular beds. An area in the medulla controlling CCA blood flow is defined as the dorsal facial area (DFA) by Kuo et al. in 1987. In the DFA, presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers innervate preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons which give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic 7th and 9th cranial nerves. Released glutamate from presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers can activate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4- propionic acid (AMPA) receptors on preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons. By modulating this glutamate release, several neurochemicals including serotonin, arginine, nitric oxide, nicotine, choline and ATP in the DFA regulate CCA blood flow. Understanding the neurochemical regulatory mechanisms can provide important insights of the physiological roles of the DFA, and may help develop therapeutic strategies for diseases involving CCA blood flow, such as migraine, hypertensive disease, Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemic stroke.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gong Chi-Li, Leung Yuk-Man, Wang Ming-Ren, Lin Nai-Nu, Lee Jer-Fu Tony and Kuo Jon-Son, Neurochemicals Involved in Medullary Control of Common Carotid Blood Flow, Current Neuropharmacology 2013; 11 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X113119990044
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X113119990044 |
Print ISSN 1570-159X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6190 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Editorial [Hot Topic:The Calcium-Sensing Receptor: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Modulation(Guest Editor: Ubaldo Armato)]
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Testing of Compounds in Models of Pulmonary Emphysema
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Beneficial Hemodynamic Actions of SGLT-2 Inhibitors beyond the Management of Hyperglycemia
Current Medicinal Chemistry Adrenergic Drugs Blockers or Enhancers for Cognitive Decline ? What to Choose for Alzheimer’s Disease Patients?
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Genomics and the Prospects of Existing and Emerging Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Insulin and the Brain
Current Diabetes Reviews Alogliptin; A Review of a New Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Some Recent Approaches of Biologically Active Substituted Pyridazine and Phthalazine Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Strategies for the Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Current Cardiology Reviews Vascular Lesion Thickness in the Lenticulostriate Artery Region Serves as a Biomarker for Early Neurological Deterioration
Current Neurovascular Research An Unusual Case of Reversible Empty Sella
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Ayahuasca: Psychological and Physiologic Effects, Pharmacology and Potential Uses in Addiction and Mental Illness
Current Neuropharmacology Isolated Systolic Hypertension: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment
Current Hypertension Reviews Antiplatelets in Stroke Prevention
Current Vascular Pharmacology New Insight Into A1 Adenosine Receptors in Diabetes Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Adenosine and ATP Receptors in the Brain
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Primary Vesicoureteric Reflux and Reflux Nephropathy - New Insights
Current Pediatric Reviews Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Atorvastatin Derivatives as Novel HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery The Many Roles of Statins in Ischemic Stroke
Current Neuropharmacology Pediatric Heart Failure in the Developing World
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials