Abstract
The common carotid artery (CCA) supplies intra- and extra-cranial vascular beds. An area in the medulla controlling CCA blood flow is defined as the dorsal facial area (DFA) by Kuo et al. in 1987. In the DFA, presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers innervate preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons which give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic 7th and 9th cranial nerves. Released glutamate from presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers can activate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4- propionic acid (AMPA) receptors on preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons. By modulating this glutamate release, several neurochemicals including serotonin, arginine, nitric oxide, nicotine, choline and ATP in the DFA regulate CCA blood flow. Understanding the neurochemical regulatory mechanisms can provide important insights of the physiological roles of the DFA, and may help develop therapeutic strategies for diseases involving CCA blood flow, such as migraine, hypertensive disease, Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemic stroke.
Keywords: Carotid artery, Cerebral blood flow, Medulla, Parasympathetic nucleus, Vascular regulation, Neurotransmitter
Current Neuropharmacology
Title:Neurochemicals Involved in Medullary Control of Common Carotid Blood Flow
Volume: 11 Issue: 5
Author(s): Chi-Li Gong, Yuk-Man Leung, Ming-Ren Wang, Nai-Nu Lin, Tony Jer-Fu Lee and Jon-Son Kuo
Affiliation:
Keywords: Carotid artery, Cerebral blood flow, Medulla, Parasympathetic nucleus, Vascular regulation, Neurotransmitter
Abstract: The common carotid artery (CCA) supplies intra- and extra-cranial vascular beds. An area in the medulla controlling CCA blood flow is defined as the dorsal facial area (DFA) by Kuo et al. in 1987. In the DFA, presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers innervate preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons which give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic 7th and 9th cranial nerves. Released glutamate from presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers can activate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4- propionic acid (AMPA) receptors on preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons. By modulating this glutamate release, several neurochemicals including serotonin, arginine, nitric oxide, nicotine, choline and ATP in the DFA regulate CCA blood flow. Understanding the neurochemical regulatory mechanisms can provide important insights of the physiological roles of the DFA, and may help develop therapeutic strategies for diseases involving CCA blood flow, such as migraine, hypertensive disease, Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemic stroke.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gong Chi-Li, Leung Yuk-Man, Wang Ming-Ren, Lin Nai-Nu, Lee Jer-Fu Tony and Kuo Jon-Son, Neurochemicals Involved in Medullary Control of Common Carotid Blood Flow, Current Neuropharmacology 2013; 11 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X113119990044
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X113119990044 |
Print ISSN 1570-159X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6190 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Bradykinin Antagonists as Anti-Cancer Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Design Actinomycetes as a Paramount Source of Biologically Important Enzyme Inhibitors – “A Boon to Mankind”
Current Bioactive Compounds Fetal and Obstetric Manifestations in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Current Rheumatology Reviews Inflammation and Arterial Hypertension: From Pathophysiological Links to Risk Prediction
Current Medicinal Chemistry High Blood Pressure and the Risk of Stroke
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Biological Activities of Three Extracts from Artedia squamata: A Study on Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Potential
Current Bioactive Compounds Adenosine Receptor Ligands in Clinical Trials
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Hot Topic:Therapeutic Potential of Peptide Motifs - Part V (Executive Guest Editor: Jean-Claude Herve)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Common Variant in VEGFA and Response to Anti-VEGF Therapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Current Molecular Medicine Heart Transplantation in Biventricular Congenital Heart Disease: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes
Current Cardiology Reviews Targeting Resveratrol to Mitochondria for Cardiovascular Diseases
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Increased Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratios are Associated with Greater Risk of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Current Neurovascular Research Inhibition of Neurofibrillary Degeneration: A Promising Approach to Alzheimers Disease and Other Tauopathies
Current Drug Targets Medication-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Older Patients
Current Drug Metabolism Biomarkers in the Evaluation and Management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Co-morbidity of Covid-19 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a Patient with Hodgkin's Lymphoma History from North of Iran
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets <i>Ammoides verticillata</i> Essential Oil as Biocontrol Agent of Selected Fungi and Pest of Olive Tree
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Decline: key features for prevention
Current Pharmaceutical Design Statins and Portal Hypertension: A New Pharmacological Challenge
Current Vascular Pharmacology Recent updates on the dynamic association between oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets