Title:A Challenge for Medicinal Chemistry by the 17β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Superfamily: An Integrated Biological Function and Inhibition Study
VOLUME: 13 ISSUE: 10
Author(s):S.-X. Lin, D. Poirier and J. Adamski
Affiliation:Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec Research Center (CHUL) 2705, boulevard Laurier Québec City, Québec, G1V4G2, Canada.
Keywords:17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) superfamily, estrogen-dependent breast cancer, pre-receptor modulation
of steroid hormone action, rational design of inhibitors, structure-activity relationship.
Abstract:Members of the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) superfamily perform distinct multiple catalyses
by the same enzyme, apparently contradictory to the long-held beliefs regarding the high specificity of enzymes. Surprisingly,
these multi-catalyses can combine synergistically in vitro and in vivo and their dysfunction may result in the stimulation
of breast or prostate cancer. 17β-HSD1 possesses high estrogen activation activity, while its androgen inactivation
is significant for decreasing the week concentration of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in breast cancer cells, an important factor
for cell proliferation. 17β-HSD5 can also carry out multiple catalyses in hormone-dependent cancer cells. In addition
to 17β-HSDs 1 and 5 some other family members possess such dual-activity as well, and their inhibition decreases hormone-
dependent cancer proliferation. The multi-specificity of 17β-HSD1 is structurally based on the pseudo-symmetric
androgens that can accommodate the narrow enzyme substrate tunnel by both normal and alternative binding. The atypical
family member 17β-HSD5 possesses a spacious binding site, which is accessible to several substrates. Expression of 17β-
HSD1 can also control other estrogen-responsive elements such as pS2, and can regulate steroid-hormone receptors. The
fundamental involvement of 17β-HSD1 in catalysis and gene regulation underlies its close relationship to breast cancer,
attributable to its long evolutionary process. These observations stimulated detailed study of steroid-converting enzyme
inhibition. The most significant efforts in designing 17β-HSD1 inhibitors in decades have progressed through structure activity
relationship studies supported by the availability of both small and protein molecule structures, with the elimination
of residual estrogenic activity in the inhibitors. The first non-estrogenic inhibitors of 17β-HSD1 to show activity in vivo
(breast cancer animal model) are now reported.
