Title:Palmitoylethanolamide in Homeostatic and Traumatic Central Nervous System Injuries
VOLUME: 12 ISSUE: 1
Author(s):Emanuela Esposito and Salvatore Cuzzocrea
Affiliation:Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31- 98166 Messina, Italy.
Keywords:Glial cells, N-acylethanolamine, neuroprotection, spinal cord
Abstract:The role of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in the regulation of complex systems involved in the inflammatory
response, pruritus, neurogenic and neuropathic pain is well understood. Growing evidence indicates that this Nacylethanolamine
also exerts neuroprotective effects within the central nervous system (CNS), i.e. in spinal cord and
traumatic brain injuries and in age-related pathological processes. PEA is abundant in the CNS, and is produced by glial
cells. Several studies show that administering PEA during the first few hours after injury significantly limits CNS damage,
reduces loss of neuronal tissue and improves functional recovery. PEA appears to exert its protective effect by decreasing
the development of cerebral edema, down-regulating the inflammatory cascade, and limiting cellular necrosis and
apoptosis. All these are plausible mechanisms of neuroprotection. This review provides an overview of current knowledge
of PEA effect on glial functions in the brain and how targeting glial-specific pathways might ultimately impact the
development of therapies for clinical management of neurodegenerative disorders. The diverse signaling mechanisms are
also summarized.
