Title:Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Soft Tissue Sarcomas
VOLUME: 20 ISSUE: 5
Author(s):M. Maruzzo, M. Rastrelli, F. Lumachi, V. Zagonel and U. Basso
Affiliation:Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV), IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Keywords:Adjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, soft tissue sarcomas, Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, heterogeneous, mesenchymal malignant tumors, malignancies, tumors, metastatic disease, meta-analysis.
Abstract:Sarcomas of the soft tissue are a heterogeneous, rare and complex group of mesenchymal malignant tumors, accounting for
less than 1% of all adult malignancies and about 10-15% of childhood cancer. Despite local disease control obtained with surgery and
pre- or postoperative radiotherapy, roughly one half of patients with high-grade tumors experience metastatic disease. The adjunction of
chemotherapy, either before or after resection, is not currently viewed as standard practice due to the lack of reproducible impact on survival.
The 1997 SMAC meta-analysis based on individual data from randomized studies confirmed a significant impact of adjuvant chemotherapy
on both local and metastatic relapse, without any significant benefit on survival. Further meta-analyses demonstrated a significant
benefit also in overall survival. Yet, the latest adjuvant EORTC trial was disappointedly negative. To date, adjuvant chemotherapy
may be recommended as a reasonable option for the high-risk individual patient who should be well informed on the possible risks
and benefits of treatment. Also the indications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy remain controversial. A local benefit may be gained, facilitating
surgery, but data on survival are limited and affected by a strong patient selection bias. In order to improve our knowledge on sarcomas
and to offer patients the best of current standards, we strongly recommend that all patients be referred to a sarcoma multidisciplinary
group, under whose supervision they could receive the correct combined-modality management as well as have access to new clinical
trials appropriately stratified for risk and histological and/or molecular subtypes.
