Abstract
Fruits and vegetables (typically associated with the Mediterranean diet) are very rich in carotenoids, i.e. fat-soluble pigments really important in human life. Structurally, carotenoids consists of eleven (beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, lycopene) or ten (alpha-carotene, lutein) conjugated double bonds, responsible for their antioxidant capability in agreement with their substituents. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) particles oxidation process is the one of the most important first steps of atherosclerotic disease and, consequentially, the first pathogenetical step of cerebro- and cardiovascular events like myocardial infarction and stroke, which are the first cause of death in industrialized countries. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) also seem to be the target of Carotenoids main action, by scavenging singlet oxygen (1O2) and free radicals. Literature data showed that ROS increase atherosclerotic individual burden. The carotenoids scavenging action could reduce atherosclerosis progression partly due to such a decrease in ROS concentrations. Many studied demonstrated such a reduction by analyzing the relationship between carotenoids and Intima-Media Thickness of common carotid artery wall (CCA-IMT), [a well established marker of atherosclerosis evolution] reduction. Aim of this review is to evaluate actual knowledge about the importance of carotenoids molecules in slowing down the starting and the progression of atherosclerotic plaque, and to consider their implementation in everyone's diet as a tool to obtain a sharp decrease of LDL oxidation and their possible effect on endothelial function.
Keywords: Carotenoids, cardiovascular risk, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular prevention, Mediterranean diet, fat-soluble pigments, LDL oxidation, CCA-IMT, endothelial function.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Carotenoids and Cardiovascular Risk
Volume: 18 Issue: 34
Author(s): Paola Giordano, Pietro Scicchitano, Manuela Locorotondo, Cosimo Mandurino, Gabriella Ricci, Santa Carbonara, Michele Gesualdo, Annapaola Zito, Annamaria Dachille, Paola Caputo, Roberta Riccardi, Giulia Frasso, Giuseppe Lassandro, Antonio Di Mauro and Marco Matteo Ciccone
Affiliation:
Keywords: Carotenoids, cardiovascular risk, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular prevention, Mediterranean diet, fat-soluble pigments, LDL oxidation, CCA-IMT, endothelial function.
Abstract: Fruits and vegetables (typically associated with the Mediterranean diet) are very rich in carotenoids, i.e. fat-soluble pigments really important in human life. Structurally, carotenoids consists of eleven (beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, lycopene) or ten (alpha-carotene, lutein) conjugated double bonds, responsible for their antioxidant capability in agreement with their substituents. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) particles oxidation process is the one of the most important first steps of atherosclerotic disease and, consequentially, the first pathogenetical step of cerebro- and cardiovascular events like myocardial infarction and stroke, which are the first cause of death in industrialized countries. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) also seem to be the target of Carotenoids main action, by scavenging singlet oxygen (1O2) and free radicals. Literature data showed that ROS increase atherosclerotic individual burden. The carotenoids scavenging action could reduce atherosclerosis progression partly due to such a decrease in ROS concentrations. Many studied demonstrated such a reduction by analyzing the relationship between carotenoids and Intima-Media Thickness of common carotid artery wall (CCA-IMT), [a well established marker of atherosclerosis evolution] reduction. Aim of this review is to evaluate actual knowledge about the importance of carotenoids molecules in slowing down the starting and the progression of atherosclerotic plaque, and to consider their implementation in everyone's diet as a tool to obtain a sharp decrease of LDL oxidation and their possible effect on endothelial function.
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Giordano Paola, Scicchitano Pietro, Locorotondo Manuela, Mandurino Cosimo, Ricci Gabriella, Carbonara Santa, Gesualdo Michele, Zito Annapaola, Dachille Annamaria, Caputo Paola, Riccardi Roberta, Frasso Giulia, Lassandro Giuseppe, Di Mauro Antonio and Matteo Ciccone Marco, Carotenoids and Cardiovascular Risk, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (34) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212803307527
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212803307527 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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