3D Finite Element Coupled Analysis Model for Geotechnical and Complex Structural Problems of Historic Masonry Structures: Conservation of Abu Serga Church, Cairo, Egypt

This research presents the damage mechanism of a historical masonry architecture induced by differential settlement based on 3D FE analysis. The study aimed to investigate the behavior of fully-saturated soft clays subjected to self-weight loading from an old masonry structure of Abu Serga church, the oldest church in Cairo. The church was built in the 4th century and was probably finished during the 5th century, located in misr alqaddima area in Cairo. The church gains its high prestige to having been constructed upon the Holy crypt of the Holy Family where they stayed during their sojourn in Egypt. The main objective of the present study is to accurately record and analysis the geotechnical problems and induced structural failure mechanisms observed and calculated in the field, experimental and numerical studies. The land area is also susceptible to floods. Numerical analysis for such geotechnical problems is largely expected to contribute to the conservation of cultural heritage.

The present research presents an attempt and pilot study to design the PLAXIS 3D FE model to simulate ground problems and distort and analyze the stress of the complex structure of the Abu Serga church, which is loaded on a plane level. Plastic modeling or Mohr Coulomb model in advanced soil was used during the various stages of numerical analysis. Results are recorded and discussed with respect to the stress and volumetric behavior of soil. Finally, the study represents the design studies and implementation of the inter-organizational retrofitting intervention and strengthening project for the oldest Coptic Church in Egypt.

Keywords: 3D Constitutive models, FE PLAXIS 3D, Geotechnical modeling, Historic structures, Problematic soils, Soil problems, Soil settlement, The oldest Coptic Church, Vertical displacement.