Comorbid Diseases and COVID-19: COPD, Smoking, Obesity, Diabetes, Cancer, and Kidney Failure

Pp: 31-53 (23)

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

COVID-19 can cause disease in almost all ages and all groups. However, those with comorbid diseases are at high risk in terms of the progression of the disease, deterioration such as hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation requirement, and the risk of death. Smoking, COPD, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cancer, kidney and liver failure, and obesity have been directly associated with death rates other than advanced age and male gender. Patients with comorbid diseases are older people (mean age 60 y vs. 45 y), presented with shortness of breath more commonly , have more severe COVID-19 (30% vs. 10%), which directly impacts the clinical course, morbidity, and mortality.

Keywords: ACE2 receptors, Cancer, COVID-19, Coronary artery disease, COPD, Heart failure, Kidney failure, Liver failure, Obesity, Pandemic, Smoking.