Abstract
Heroin addiction is a wide-reaching problem with a spectrum of damaging social consequences. Currently approved heroin addiction medications include drugs that bind at the same receptors (e.g. opioid receptors) occupied by heroin and/or its metabolites in the brain, but undesired side effects of these treatments, maintenance dependence and relapse to drug taking remains problematic. A vaccine capable of blocking heroin's effects could provide an economical, long-lasting and sustainable adjunct to heroin addiction therapy without the side effects associated with available treatment options. Heroin, however, presents a particularly challenging vaccine target as it is metabolized to multiple psychoactive molecules of differing lipophilicity, with differing abilities to cross the blood brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the opiate scaffolding and hapten design considerations to confer immunogenicity as well as the specificity of the immune response towards structurally similar opiates. In addition, we detail different strategies employed in the design of immunoconjugates for a vaccine-based therapy for heroin addiction treatment.
Keywords: Heroin, 6-acety-morphine, morphine, addiction, drug dependence, immunoconjugate, treatment, therapy, HIV, AChE, Blood Brain Barrier, Rehabilitation Therapy, Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin, ELISA
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title: Developing a Vaccine Against Multiple Psychoactive Targets: A Case Study of Heroin
Volume: 10 Issue: 8
Author(s): G. Neil Stowe, Joel E. Schlosburg, Leandro F. Vendruscolo, Scott Edwards, Kaushik K. Misra, Gery Schulteis, Joseph S. Zakhari, George F. Koob and Kim D. Janda
Affiliation:
Keywords: Heroin, 6-acety-morphine, morphine, addiction, drug dependence, immunoconjugate, treatment, therapy, HIV, AChE, Blood Brain Barrier, Rehabilitation Therapy, Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin, ELISA
Abstract: Heroin addiction is a wide-reaching problem with a spectrum of damaging social consequences. Currently approved heroin addiction medications include drugs that bind at the same receptors (e.g. opioid receptors) occupied by heroin and/or its metabolites in the brain, but undesired side effects of these treatments, maintenance dependence and relapse to drug taking remains problematic. A vaccine capable of blocking heroin's effects could provide an economical, long-lasting and sustainable adjunct to heroin addiction therapy without the side effects associated with available treatment options. Heroin, however, presents a particularly challenging vaccine target as it is metabolized to multiple psychoactive molecules of differing lipophilicity, with differing abilities to cross the blood brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the opiate scaffolding and hapten design considerations to confer immunogenicity as well as the specificity of the immune response towards structurally similar opiates. In addition, we detail different strategies employed in the design of immunoconjugates for a vaccine-based therapy for heroin addiction treatment.
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Cite this article as:
Neil Stowe G., E. Schlosburg Joel, F. Vendruscolo Leandro, Edwards Scott, K. Misra Kaushik, Schulteis Gery, S. Zakhari Joseph, F. Koob George and D. Janda Kim, Developing a Vaccine Against Multiple Psychoactive Targets: A Case Study of Heroin, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2011; 10 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152711799219316
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152711799219316 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
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