Abstract
The functional impairment of HIV-specific CD4+ T cells during chronic HIV infection is thought to be closely linked to viral replication and to T cell exhaustion. T cell exhaustion in the presence of ongoing antigen exposure is a common feature of chronic viral infection, in which dysfunctional T cells fail to eliminate the virus. Otherwise, antiviral T cell function impairment is a poorly understood mechanism. Increasing evidences show that HIV-specific T lymphocytes up-regulated inducible co-receptors, such as the Cytoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4, (CTLA-4, or CD152) and Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and that blockade of the CD152 or PD-1 pathway restores HIV-specific CD4+ T cell function in HIV infection. This review will focus on finding a possible role for inhibitory receptors on virus-specific CD4+ T cells. The analysis of the role of CD152 and PD-1 in HIV-1 infection could provide important insight into the mechanism of viral induced immune dysfunction and lead to immunotherapeutic strategies to reverse immune suppression in this pathology.
Keywords: CTLA-4, PD-1, exhausted T cells, HIV
Current HIV Research
Title: The Inhibitory Co-Receptors: A Way to Save from Anergy the HIVSpecific T Cells
Volume: 7 Issue: 3
Author(s): Rita Simone, Gabriella Piatti and Daniele Saverino
Affiliation:
Keywords: CTLA-4, PD-1, exhausted T cells, HIV
Abstract: The functional impairment of HIV-specific CD4+ T cells during chronic HIV infection is thought to be closely linked to viral replication and to T cell exhaustion. T cell exhaustion in the presence of ongoing antigen exposure is a common feature of chronic viral infection, in which dysfunctional T cells fail to eliminate the virus. Otherwise, antiviral T cell function impairment is a poorly understood mechanism. Increasing evidences show that HIV-specific T lymphocytes up-regulated inducible co-receptors, such as the Cytoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4, (CTLA-4, or CD152) and Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and that blockade of the CD152 or PD-1 pathway restores HIV-specific CD4+ T cell function in HIV infection. This review will focus on finding a possible role for inhibitory receptors on virus-specific CD4+ T cells. The analysis of the role of CD152 and PD-1 in HIV-1 infection could provide important insight into the mechanism of viral induced immune dysfunction and lead to immunotherapeutic strategies to reverse immune suppression in this pathology.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Simone Rita, Piatti Gabriella and Saverino Daniele, The Inhibitory Co-Receptors: A Way to Save from Anergy the HIVSpecific T Cells, Current HIV Research 2009; 7 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016209788347949
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016209788347949 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Management of HIV: Management of HIV: old challenges and new needs
The aim of this thematic issue is to provide the most recent updates regarding the effective management of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV-related mortality, leading to an enhancement in the quality of life and life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite the numerous advancements ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
The p35 Family of Apoptosis Inhibitors
Current Genomics Onconeural Versus Paraneoplastic Antigens?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Developments of Thalidomide Derivatives Possessing Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Challenges in the Design of Clinically Useful Brain-targeted Drug Nanocarriers
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Biochemical Mechanisms of T-Cell Anergy
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Melatonin as a Therapeutic Resource for Inflammatory Visual Diseases
Current Neuropharmacology The Regulation of Neuroimmune-Endocrine Interactions: Mechanisms,Molecular Pathways Unraveled and the Pivotal Role of Cytokines – A Unsung Putative Bidirectional Interdependence between the Immune and Neuroendocrine Interfaces
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Gene Therapy Approaches in an Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease: Multiple Sclerosis
Current Gene Therapy Recent Advances on the Roles of NO in Cancer and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) to Counteract Tumour- Induced ImmuneDysfunction: From Biochemistry to Clinical Development
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Treatment of Viral Encephalitis
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Proteostasis, an Emerging Therapeutic Paradigm for Managing Inflammatory Airway Stress Disease
Current Molecular Medicine Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sympathetic Nervous System Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis, Linking Neurodegeneration to a Reduced Response to Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeted Delivery of Montelukast for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Role of NLRP-3 Inflammasome in Hypertension: A Potential Therapeutic Target
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Search and Rescue: Identification of Cannabinoid Actions Relevant for Neuronal Survival and Protection
Current Neuropharmacology Synthetic Glycolipid Ligands for Human iNKT Cells as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Immunotherapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors In Inflammatory Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Optical Coherence Tomography Detection of Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets