Abstract
Endolysosomal proteases such as cysteinyl and aspartyl cathepsins play diverse roles in inflammatory autoimmune diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Cysteinyl cathepsin B and aspartyl cathepsin D levels are markedly elevated in a variety of neurological disorders including Alzheimers disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Studies have also shown an increased cathepsin activity in AD patients where senile plaques and neuronal loss are marked features of the disease. Senile plaques contain amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, which is produced by proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the proteases. In this article, we present the current knowledge of cysteinyl and aspartyl cathepsins in cellular and molecular events that lead to formation of senile plaques in AD. This article also focused on the role of cathepsin inhibitors as disease-modifying treatment strategies that could halt, or even prevent, this devastating neurological disorder.
Keywords: Cathepsins, amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, immune responses, autophagy, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), cathepsin inhibitors
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title: New Insights into the Roles of Endolysosomal Cathepsins in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimers Disease: Cathepsin Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics
Volume: 7 Issue: 3
Author(s): Azizul Haque, Naren L. Banik and Swapan K. Ray
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cathepsins, amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, immune responses, autophagy, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), cathepsin inhibitors
Abstract: Endolysosomal proteases such as cysteinyl and aspartyl cathepsins play diverse roles in inflammatory autoimmune diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Cysteinyl cathepsin B and aspartyl cathepsin D levels are markedly elevated in a variety of neurological disorders including Alzheimers disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Studies have also shown an increased cathepsin activity in AD patients where senile plaques and neuronal loss are marked features of the disease. Senile plaques contain amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, which is produced by proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the proteases. In this article, we present the current knowledge of cysteinyl and aspartyl cathepsins in cellular and molecular events that lead to formation of senile plaques in AD. This article also focused on the role of cathepsin inhibitors as disease-modifying treatment strategies that could halt, or even prevent, this devastating neurological disorder.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Haque Azizul, Banik L. Naren and Ray K. Swapan, New Insights into the Roles of Endolysosomal Cathepsins in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimers Disease: Cathepsin Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2008; 7 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152708784936653
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152708784936653 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Anti-dementia drugs-related changes in gait performance while single and dual tasking in patients with Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis
Current Alzheimer Research Applying Knowledge of Enzyme Biochemistry to the Prediction of Functional Sites for Aiding Drug Discovery
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial from Guest Editor [Hot topic: Community-Acquired Pneumonia – Evolving Changes in Our Understanding and How This Impacts on Management (Guest Editor: Grant Waterer)]
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Advances in Medicinal Plants with Effects on Anxiety Behavior Associated to Mental and Health Conditions
Current Medicinal Chemistry Functional and Structural Benefits Induced by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids During Aging
Current Neuropharmacology Molecular Insights into Mechanisms of the Cell Death Program:Role in the Progression of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Alzheimer Research Molecular Markers of Cardiovascular Damage in Hypertension
Current Pharmaceutical Design Folate and Homocysteine Metabolism: Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry Lower Uric Acid Linked with Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Pituitary Dysfunction as a Cause of Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design EDITORIAL: Neuroprotection Mechanisms and their Potential Applications
Current Neuropharmacology Immunotherapy in a Natural Model of Aβ Pathogenesis: The Aging Beagle
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Neuroscience of Exercise: Association Among Neurobiological Mechanisms and Mental Health
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Can Environmentally Relevant Levels of Aluminium Promote the Onset and Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases?
Current Inorganic Chemistry (Discontinued) Alzheimers Disease Burdens African-Americans: A Review of Epidemiological Risk Factors and Implications for Prevention and Treatment
Current Psychiatry Reviews Flavonoids and Dementia: An Update
Current Medicinal Chemistry PUFA Supplements and Type 2 Diabetes in the Elderly
Current Pharmaceutical Design Defective HIF Signaling Pathway and Brain Response to Hypoxia in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Not an “Iffy” Question!
Current Pharmaceutical Design Antioxidative Effects of Rhodiola Genus: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Mechanisms against the Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Ferulic Acid and Alzheimer’s Disease: Promises and Pitfalls
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry