Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs early in the progression of Alzheimer disease, significantly before the development of the pathologic hallmarks, neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. All classes of macromolecules (sugar, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are affected by oxidative stress leading, inevitably, to neuronal dysfunction. Extensive data from the literature support the notion that mitochondrial and metal abnormalities are key sources of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Furthermore, it has been suggested that in the initial stages of the development of Alzheimer disease, amyloid-β deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau function as compensatory responses to ensure that neuronal cells do not succumb to oxidative damage. However, during the progression of the disease, the antioxidant activity of both agents is either overwhelmed or, according to others, evolves into pro-oxidant activity resulting in the exacerbation of reactive species production.
Keywords: Alzheimer disease, antioxidant, chelator, iron, mitochondria, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title: Alzheimer Disease and the Role of Free Radicals in the Pathogenesis of the Disease
Volume: 7 Issue: 1
Author(s): George Perry, Paula I. Moreira, Maria S. Santos, Catarina R. Oliveira, Justin C. Shenk, Akihiko Nunomura, Mark A. Smith and Xiongwei Zhu
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer disease, antioxidant, chelator, iron, mitochondria, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species
Abstract: Oxidative stress occurs early in the progression of Alzheimer disease, significantly before the development of the pathologic hallmarks, neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. All classes of macromolecules (sugar, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are affected by oxidative stress leading, inevitably, to neuronal dysfunction. Extensive data from the literature support the notion that mitochondrial and metal abnormalities are key sources of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Furthermore, it has been suggested that in the initial stages of the development of Alzheimer disease, amyloid-β deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau function as compensatory responses to ensure that neuronal cells do not succumb to oxidative damage. However, during the progression of the disease, the antioxidant activity of both agents is either overwhelmed or, according to others, evolves into pro-oxidant activity resulting in the exacerbation of reactive species production.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Perry George, Moreira I. Paula, Santos S. Maria, Oliveira R. Catarina, Shenk C. Justin, Nunomura Akihiko, Smith A. Mark and Zhu Xiongwei, Alzheimer Disease and the Role of Free Radicals in the Pathogenesis of the Disease, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2008; 7 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152708783885156
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152708783885156 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Adenosine and Related Drugs in Brain Diseases: Present and Future in Clinical Trials
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry SUMOylation in Neurological Diseases
Current Molecular Medicine Diabetic Heart and the Cardiovascular Surgeon
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Therapeutics Targeting Nogo-A Hold Promise for Stroke Restoration
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Patent Selections
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Correlation Analysis of Capillary APOE, VEGF and eNOS Expression in Alzheimer Brains
Current Alzheimer Research Role of Oxidative Stress in Development of Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Vascular Pharmacology Medication Assisted Treatment of Drug Abuse and Dependence: Global Availability and Utilization
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Aligning Animal Models of Clinical Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage, From Basic Correlation to Therapeutic Approach
Current Drug Targets The State of the Art of Pyrazole Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Antidepressant/Anticonvulsant Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Hot Topic: Oxidative Stress Induced-Metabolic Imbalance, Mitochondrial Failure, And Cellular Hypoperfusion As Primary Pathogenetic Factors For The Development Of Alzheimer Disease Which Can Be Used As An Alternate And Successful Drug Treatment Strategy: Past, Present And Future (Guest Editor: Gjumrakch Aliev)]
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Intrathecal Administration of Melatonin Ameliorates the Neuroinflammation- Mediated Sensory and Motor Dysfunction in A Rat Model of Compression Spinal Cord Injury
Current Molecular Pharmacology BACE1 Deficient Mice: Their Role in Drug Target Validation and Implications for Alzheimers Disease Therapies
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Editorial:Advanced Methods of Biomedical Signal Processing for Early Detection of Alzheimer`s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Editorial (Thematic Issue:Drug-eluting Stents and Concomitant Treatment)
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Evaluating High-Dose Rivastigmine Patch in Severe Alzheimer’s Disease: Analyses with Concomitant Memantine Usage as a Factor
Current Alzheimer Research Subject Index To Volume 4
Current HIV Research Blood Pressure and Vascular Alterations with Growth in Childhood
Current Pharmaceutical Design State-of-the-Art Methodologies for the Discovery and Characterization of DNA G-Quadruplex Binders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nonconvulsive (Dialeptic) Status Epilepticus in Children
Current Pediatric Reviews