Abstract
Methods to reduce sexual transmission of HIV-1 are urgently needed to slow the global HIV-1 epidemic. These methods should include interventions that minimize susceptibility in uninfected populations at risk, as well as interventions that decrease the infectiousness of HIV-1 infected individuals. Surprisingly few interventions to prevent HIV-1 transmission have been targeted at persons who are already infected, although such interventions could have a significant impact on population-wide HIV-1 spread. This review summarizes current knowledge of factors that influence HIV-1 infectiousness, with special attention on the role of genital tract HIV-1 as a surrogate marker of infectiousness. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated good agreement between factors associated with increased HIV-1 transmission and increased HIV-1 genital tract shedding. Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and initiation of antiretroviral therapy have been shown to reduce HIV-1 shedding and thus are promising interventions that may reduce HIV-1 transmission. Unresolved issues related to optimal measurement techniques for genital HIV-1, promises and limitations of antiretroviral therapy and vaccines to reduce infectiousness, and other intervention strategies still in development are reviewed.
Keywords: hiv-1, transmission, shedding, infectivity, sexual transmission
Current HIV Research
Title: Measuring the Infectiousness of Persons with HIV-1: Opportunities for Preventing Sexual HIV-1 Transmission
Volume: 1 Issue: 1
Author(s): Jared M. Baeten and Julie Overbaugh
Affiliation:
Keywords: hiv-1, transmission, shedding, infectivity, sexual transmission
Abstract: Methods to reduce sexual transmission of HIV-1 are urgently needed to slow the global HIV-1 epidemic. These methods should include interventions that minimize susceptibility in uninfected populations at risk, as well as interventions that decrease the infectiousness of HIV-1 infected individuals. Surprisingly few interventions to prevent HIV-1 transmission have been targeted at persons who are already infected, although such interventions could have a significant impact on population-wide HIV-1 spread. This review summarizes current knowledge of factors that influence HIV-1 infectiousness, with special attention on the role of genital tract HIV-1 as a surrogate marker of infectiousness. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated good agreement between factors associated with increased HIV-1 transmission and increased HIV-1 genital tract shedding. Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and initiation of antiretroviral therapy have been shown to reduce HIV-1 shedding and thus are promising interventions that may reduce HIV-1 transmission. Unresolved issues related to optimal measurement techniques for genital HIV-1, promises and limitations of antiretroviral therapy and vaccines to reduce infectiousness, and other intervention strategies still in development are reviewed.
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Cite this article as:
Baeten M. Jared and Overbaugh Julie, Measuring the Infectiousness of Persons with HIV-1: Opportunities for Preventing Sexual HIV-1 Transmission, Current HIV Research 2003; 1 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162033352110
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162033352110 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
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Management of HIV: Management of HIV: old challenges and new needs
The aim of this thematic issue is to provide the most recent updates regarding the effective management of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV-related mortality, leading to an enhancement in the quality of life and life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite the numerous advancements ...read more
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