Abstract
HIV-1 TAR RNA is the binding site of the viral protein Tat, the trans-activator of the HIV-1 LTR. It is present at the 5 end of all HIV-1 spliced and unspliced mRNAs in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm. It has a highly folded stem-bulge-loop structure, which also binds cellular proteins to form ribonucleoprotein complexes. The Tat-Cyclin T1-CDK9 complex is the main component in the trans-activation of HIV-1 and its affinity for TAR is regulated through Tat acetylation by histone acetyl transferases. Recent studies show that this complex is able to recruit other cellular partners to mediate efficient transcriptional elongation. TRBP, PKR and La bind directly to the TAR RNA structure and influence translation of HIV-1 in either positive or negative manners. Some mutations in TAR RNA severely impair HIV-1 trans-activation, translation and viral production, showing its functional importance. The overexpression or suppression of several TAR RNAbinding proteins has a strong impact on viral replication pointing out their major role in the viral life cycle. TAR RNA has been the target of drug development to inhibit viral replication. Recent data using small molecules or RNA-based technologies show that acting on the TAR RNA or on its viral and cellular binding factors effectively decreases virion production.
Keywords: tar rna, tat, acetylation, trans-activation, translation, tar rna binding proteins
Current HIV Research
Title: HIV-1 TAR RNA: The Target of Molecular Interactions Between the Virus and its Host
Volume: 3 Issue: 1
Author(s): Sylvie Bannwarth and Anne Gatignol
Affiliation:
Keywords: tar rna, tat, acetylation, trans-activation, translation, tar rna binding proteins
Abstract: HIV-1 TAR RNA is the binding site of the viral protein Tat, the trans-activator of the HIV-1 LTR. It is present at the 5 end of all HIV-1 spliced and unspliced mRNAs in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm. It has a highly folded stem-bulge-loop structure, which also binds cellular proteins to form ribonucleoprotein complexes. The Tat-Cyclin T1-CDK9 complex is the main component in the trans-activation of HIV-1 and its affinity for TAR is regulated through Tat acetylation by histone acetyl transferases. Recent studies show that this complex is able to recruit other cellular partners to mediate efficient transcriptional elongation. TRBP, PKR and La bind directly to the TAR RNA structure and influence translation of HIV-1 in either positive or negative manners. Some mutations in TAR RNA severely impair HIV-1 trans-activation, translation and viral production, showing its functional importance. The overexpression or suppression of several TAR RNAbinding proteins has a strong impact on viral replication pointing out their major role in the viral life cycle. TAR RNA has been the target of drug development to inhibit viral replication. Recent data using small molecules or RNA-based technologies show that acting on the TAR RNA or on its viral and cellular binding factors effectively decreases virion production.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bannwarth Sylvie and Gatignol Anne, HIV-1 TAR RNA: The Target of Molecular Interactions Between the Virus and its Host, Current HIV Research 2005; 3 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162052772924
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162052772924 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Management of HIV: Management of HIV: old challenges and new needs
The aim of this thematic issue is to provide the most recent updates regarding the effective management of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV-related mortality, leading to an enhancement in the quality of life and life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite the numerous advancements ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Pleasure as an Overlooked Target of Substance Use Disorder Research and Treatment
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Anticancer Potential of Dietary Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Insulin and the Brain
Current Diabetes Reviews Threshold-Independent Meta-Analysis of Alzheimer`s Disease Transcriptomes shows Progressive Changes in Hippocampal Functions, Epigenetics and microRNA Regulation
Current Alzheimer Research Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Cytokines: A Mechanism for Neuropathology
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chronic Stress and Alzheimers Disease-Like Pathogenesis in a Rat Model: Prevention by Nicotine
Current Neuropharmacology Indole Alkaloids and Semisynthetic Indole Derivatives as Multifunctional Scaffolds Aiming the Inhibition of Enzymes Related to Neurodegenerative Diseases – A Focus on Psychotria L. Genus
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry MCI Patients in Europe: Medication and Comorbidities. The DESCRIPA Study
Current Alzheimer Research Catatonia, Malignant Catatonia, and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Current Psychiatry Reviews Therapeutic Targets in Prostaglandin E2 Signaling for Neurologic Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Early Life Stress in Depressive Patients: Role of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors and of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Endocannabinoid System and Huntingtons Disease
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Caspase-1-independent Maturation of IL-1β in Ischemic Brain Injury: is there a Role for Gelatinases?
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Serum Amyloid Beta Peptides in Patients with Dementia and Age-Matched Non-Demented Controls as Detected by Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionisation-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS)
Current Clinical Pharmacology Neuropharmacological Properties of the Essential Oil of Bergamot for the Clinical Management of Pain-Related BPSDs
Current Medicinal Chemistry Biological Evaluation of Halogenated Thioureas as Cholinesterases Inhibitors Against Alzheimer’s Disease & Molecular Modeling Studies
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery The Concept of Phenoptosis and its Usefulness for Controlling Aging
Current Aging Science Alzheimer: A Decade of Drug Design. Why Molecular Topology can be an Extra Edge?
Current Neuropharmacology Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Stroke: Targets for Intervention
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Pharmacological Management of Psychosis in Parkinson Disease: A Review
Current Drug Therapy