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Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5249
ISSN (Online): 1875-6166

Ras Family Small GTPase-Mediated Neuroprotective Signaling in Stroke

Author(s): Geng-Xian Shi, Douglas A. Andres and Weikang Cai

Volume 11, Issue 2, 2011

Page: [114 - 137] Pages: 24

DOI: 10.2174/187152411796011349

Price: $65

Abstract

Selective neuronal cell death is one of the major causes of neuronal damage following stroke, and cerebral cells naturally mobilize diverse survival signaling pathways to protect against ischemia. Importantly, therapeutic strategies designed to improve endogenous anti-apoptotic signaling appear to hold great promise in stroke treatment. While a variety of complex mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke, the overall mechanisms governing the balance between cell survival and death are not well-defined. Ras family small GTPases are activated following ischemic insults, and in turn, serve as intrinsic switches to regulate neuronal survival and regeneration. Their ability to integrate diverse intracellular signal transduction pathways makes them critical regulators and potential therapeutic targets for neuronal recovery after stroke. This article highlights the contribution of Ras family GTPases to neuroprotective signaling cascades, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family protein kinase- and AKT/PKB-dependent signaling pathways as well as the regulation of cAMP response element binding (CREB), Forkhead box O (FoxO) and hypoxiainducible factor 1(HIF1) transcription factors, in stroke.

Keywords: Cell death, cell survival, ischemia, neuroprotection, Ras family GTPases, signal transduction, stroke, transcription factors, Ras GTPases, Neuron, MAPK, ERK1/2, p38, JNK, AKT, CREB, FoxO, HIF1, Cerebral Injury, HSP, Central Nervous System, Hypoxia, Reactive Oxygen Species, Excitotoxicity, NMDA, Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation


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