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Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1574-8928
ISSN (Online): 2212-3970

Silencing Human Cancer: Identification and Uses of MicroRNAs

Author(s): Francisco E. Nicolas, Sara Lopez-Gomollon, Alfonso F. Lopez-Martinez and Tamas Dalmay

Volume 6, Issue 1, 2011

Page: [94 - 105] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/157489211793980033

Price: $65

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of negative regulators that repress gene expression by pairing with their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). There are hundreds of miRNAs coded in the human genome and thousands of target mRNAs participating in a wide variety of physiological processes such as development and cell identity. It is therefore not surprising that several recent reports involved deregulated miRNAs in the complex mechanism of human carcinogenesis, and proposed them as new key regulators to correct the unbalanced expression of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes exhibited in cancer cells. This review summarises most of the recent patents related to the use of miRNA signatures in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, the detection and profiling of miRNAs from tumour samples and the identification of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes targeted by miRNAs, as well as new cancer therapies based on miRNA modulators.

Keywords: RNA silencing, RNA interference, gene therapy, microRNA, miRNA, miRNA target, miRNA inhibitor, miRNA mimic, cancer, cancer therapy, cancer diagnosis, patent, Caenorhabditis elegans, Exportin-5, TRBP, RISC, cisplatin, doxorubicin, RISCs, PCR, real-time PCR, FRET, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, mass spectrometry, ATRA, HSP90, human carcinogenesis


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