Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxins) are main constituents of the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, with the ‘endotoxic principle’ lipid A anchoring LPS into the membrane. When LPS is removed from the bacteria by the action of the immune system or simply by cell dividing, it may interact strongly with immunocompetent cells such as mononuclear cells. This interaction may lead, depending on the LPS concentration, to beneficial (at low) or pathophysiological (at high concentrations) reactions, the latter frequently causing the septic shock syndrome. There is a variety of endogenous LPS-binding proteins. To this class belong lactoferrin (LF) and hemoglobin (Hb), which have been shown to suppress and enhance the LPS-induced cytokine secretion in mononuclear cells, respectively. To elucidate the interaction mechanisms of endotoxins with these proteins, we have investigated in an infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) study the interaction of LPS or lipid A monolayers at the air/water interface with LF and Hb proteins, injected into the aqueous subphase. The data are clearly indicative of completely different interaction mechanisms of the endotoxins with the proteins, with the LF acting only at the LPS backbone, whereas Hb incorporates into the lipid monolayer. These data allow an understanding of the different reactivities in the biomedicinal systems.
Keywords: IRRAS, Lipid, Endotoxin-Binding Proteins, Lipopolysaccharides, immune system
Medicinal Chemistry
Title: An Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopic (IRRAS) Study of the Interaction of Lipid A and Lipopolysaccharide Re with Endotoxin-Binding Proteins
Volume: 5 Issue: 6
Author(s): Andreas Kerth, Patrick Garidel, Jorg Howe, Christian Alexander, Jean-Pierre Mach, Thierry Waelli, Alfred Blume, Ernst Th. Rietschel and K. Brandenburg
Affiliation:
Keywords: IRRAS, Lipid, Endotoxin-Binding Proteins, Lipopolysaccharides, immune system
Abstract: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxins) are main constituents of the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, with the ‘endotoxic principle’ lipid A anchoring LPS into the membrane. When LPS is removed from the bacteria by the action of the immune system or simply by cell dividing, it may interact strongly with immunocompetent cells such as mononuclear cells. This interaction may lead, depending on the LPS concentration, to beneficial (at low) or pathophysiological (at high concentrations) reactions, the latter frequently causing the septic shock syndrome. There is a variety of endogenous LPS-binding proteins. To this class belong lactoferrin (LF) and hemoglobin (Hb), which have been shown to suppress and enhance the LPS-induced cytokine secretion in mononuclear cells, respectively. To elucidate the interaction mechanisms of endotoxins with these proteins, we have investigated in an infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) study the interaction of LPS or lipid A monolayers at the air/water interface with LF and Hb proteins, injected into the aqueous subphase. The data are clearly indicative of completely different interaction mechanisms of the endotoxins with the proteins, with the LF acting only at the LPS backbone, whereas Hb incorporates into the lipid monolayer. These data allow an understanding of the different reactivities in the biomedicinal systems.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kerth Andreas, Garidel Patrick, Howe Jorg, Alexander Christian, Mach Jean-Pierre, Waelli Thierry, Blume Alfred, Rietschel Th. Ernst and Brandenburg K., An Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopic (IRRAS) Study of the Interaction of Lipid A and Lipopolysaccharide Re with Endotoxin-Binding Proteins, Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 5 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340609790170452
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340609790170452 |
Print ISSN 1573-4064 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6638 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Carbohydrates in Computational and Medicinal Chemistry
Carbohydrates are the most essential organic molecules and are involved in the maintenance of various physiological and metabolic processes in living organisms. Carbohydrate-based compounds have come to the attention of researchers because of their significant contributions to biological functions, such as cell development and cell proliferation, connections between several cells, ...read more
Recent Advances in the Medicinal Chemistry of Cancer
Scope of the Thematic Issue: Correlation between structure and function is one of the important aspects of the success of anti-cancer compounds associated with their structure-activity interactions, physiology, biochemical, molecular, and genetic processes. Overcoming these obstacles is key to obtaining further insights into developments in rational drug design, bioorganic chemistry, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Biosimilars: Current Scientific and Regulatory Considerations
Current Clinical Pharmacology Free Fatty Acid Receptors as New Potential Targets in Colorectal Cancer
Current Drug Targets Human- and Virus-Encoded microRNAs as Potential Targets of Antiviral Therapy
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Aqueous Extract of Arbutus unedo Inhibits STAT1 Activation in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231 and Human Fibroblasts Through SHP2 Activation
Medicinal Chemistry Hsp70 Molecular Chaperones: Emerging Roles in Human Disease and Identification of Small Molecule Modulators
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Phosphorylated and O-GlcNAc Modified IRS-1 (Ser1101) and -2 (Ser1149) Contribute to Human Diabetes Type II
Protein & Peptide Letters Coumarin Derivatives as Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Role of AGEs in Diabetic Nephropathy
Current Pharmaceutical Design TRAIL as Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Tool for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Drug Targets Costimulation, Coinhibition and Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Rational Autologous Cell Sources For Therapy of Heart Failure - Vehicles and Targets For Gene and RNA Therapies
Current Gene Therapy Sex Hormones and their Analogues in Neuroimmune Biology
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Recent Clinical Advances and Future Prospects
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Patents on Metalloproteinases as Biomarkers in Osteoarthritis Diagnosis and Treatment
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Docosahexaenoic Acid-Containing Phospholipids and Triglycerides Based Nutritional Supplements
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture Anti-Cancer
Current Bioactive Compounds Telomerase Inhibitors: Potential Anticancer Agents
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, New Targets for Cancer Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets The Recent Trend in QSAR Modeling - Variable Selection and 3D-QSAR Methods
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Intracerebral Haemorrhagic Stroke
Current Medicinal Chemistry