Abstract
Vascular calcification is caused by the deposition of basic calcium phosphate crystals in blood vessels, myocardium, and/or cardiac valves. Calcification decreases artery wall compliance, and arterial calcification is associated to mortality in hyperphosphatemic renal failure and diabetes mellitus. The calcification of the tunica media characterizes the arteriosclerosis observed with age, diabetes and end stage-renal disease, and it can develop independently from intima calcification. As part of the vascular calcification mechanism, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) experience a transition from a contractile to an osteochondrogenic phenotype and a sequence of molecular events that are typical of endochondral ossification. The current evidence indicates a key role of increased phosphate uptake by VSMC for calcification, which supplies the substrate for hydroxyapatite formation and could trigger or potentiate VSMC transdiferentiation. The present review analyzes the sodium-phosphate cotransporter Pit-1, which is implicated in calcification. On the basis of the available data obtained in the study of vascular and osteoblastic experimental models, we discuss potential regulatory mechanisms that could lead to increased sodium-dependent phosphate uptake in vascular calcification.
Keywords: Vascular calcification, phosphate transport, hyperphosphatemia, chronic kidney disease, bone morphogenetic proteins, atherosclerosis, diabetes
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title: Regulation of the Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Pit-1 and its Role in Vascular Calcification
Volume: 7 Issue: 4
Author(s): Magdalena Gonzalez, Rafael Martinez, Cristian Amador and Luis Michea
Affiliation:
Keywords: Vascular calcification, phosphate transport, hyperphosphatemia, chronic kidney disease, bone morphogenetic proteins, atherosclerosis, diabetes
Abstract: Vascular calcification is caused by the deposition of basic calcium phosphate crystals in blood vessels, myocardium, and/or cardiac valves. Calcification decreases artery wall compliance, and arterial calcification is associated to mortality in hyperphosphatemic renal failure and diabetes mellitus. The calcification of the tunica media characterizes the arteriosclerosis observed with age, diabetes and end stage-renal disease, and it can develop independently from intima calcification. As part of the vascular calcification mechanism, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) experience a transition from a contractile to an osteochondrogenic phenotype and a sequence of molecular events that are typical of endochondral ossification. The current evidence indicates a key role of increased phosphate uptake by VSMC for calcification, which supplies the substrate for hydroxyapatite formation and could trigger or potentiate VSMC transdiferentiation. The present review analyzes the sodium-phosphate cotransporter Pit-1, which is implicated in calcification. On the basis of the available data obtained in the study of vascular and osteoblastic experimental models, we discuss potential regulatory mechanisms that could lead to increased sodium-dependent phosphate uptake in vascular calcification.
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Cite this article as:
Gonzalez Magdalena, Martinez Rafael, Amador Cristian and Michea Luis, Regulation of the Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Pit-1 and its Role in Vascular Calcification, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2009; 7 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016109789043946
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016109789043946 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
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TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
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