Abstract
Today, the most reliable diagnosis for Alzheimers disease (AD) is the post mortem identification of amyloid plaques, consisting of the Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, (and neurofibrillary tangles) in the brain of the patient. Great efforts are being made to identify reliable biomarkers for AD that are suitable for minimal invasive early diagnosis and prognosis of AD. During the past years, body fluids of AD patients were assayed for their content of total or soluble Aβ(1-40) or Aβ(1-42) concentrations using classical (ELISA) or non-classical (with additional signal amplification) read-out. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of soluble Aβ(1-42) are reduced by 40 to 50 % in AD patients compared to agematched healthy controls as confirmed in more than 30 studies, with both sensitivity and specificity exceeding 80 % in most of the studies. Thus, it was suggested that low levels of CSF Aβ(1-42) might be useful for preclinical diagnosis. Because the current average sensitivity of AD biomarker detection in the CSF is approximately 85 %, these assays do not offer a considerable increase in predictive value over existing algorithms based on neuropsychological and imaging modalities. Regarding the amyloid cascade hypothesis, Aβ oligomers and aggregates are directly involved in the pathogenic process. Therefore, presence of Aβ aggregates seem to be the most direct disease biomarker for AD and increasing effort is being made into the development of methods suitable for the detection of different Aβ aggregates in body fluids like CSF and plasma. We therefore give an overview of the current state of Aβ aggregate specific detection.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, early-diagnosis, prognosis, therapy monitoring, Amyloid-β aggregates, protein misfolding diseases, biomarker
Current Alzheimer Research
Title: Detection of Amyloid-β Aggregates in Body Fluids: A Suitable Method for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimers Disease?
Volume: 6 Issue: 3
Author(s): S. A. Funke, E. Birkmann and D. Willbold
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, early-diagnosis, prognosis, therapy monitoring, Amyloid-β aggregates, protein misfolding diseases, biomarker
Abstract: Today, the most reliable diagnosis for Alzheimers disease (AD) is the post mortem identification of amyloid plaques, consisting of the Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, (and neurofibrillary tangles) in the brain of the patient. Great efforts are being made to identify reliable biomarkers for AD that are suitable for minimal invasive early diagnosis and prognosis of AD. During the past years, body fluids of AD patients were assayed for their content of total or soluble Aβ(1-40) or Aβ(1-42) concentrations using classical (ELISA) or non-classical (with additional signal amplification) read-out. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of soluble Aβ(1-42) are reduced by 40 to 50 % in AD patients compared to agematched healthy controls as confirmed in more than 30 studies, with both sensitivity and specificity exceeding 80 % in most of the studies. Thus, it was suggested that low levels of CSF Aβ(1-42) might be useful for preclinical diagnosis. Because the current average sensitivity of AD biomarker detection in the CSF is approximately 85 %, these assays do not offer a considerable increase in predictive value over existing algorithms based on neuropsychological and imaging modalities. Regarding the amyloid cascade hypothesis, Aβ oligomers and aggregates are directly involved in the pathogenic process. Therefore, presence of Aβ aggregates seem to be the most direct disease biomarker for AD and increasing effort is being made into the development of methods suitable for the detection of different Aβ aggregates in body fluids like CSF and plasma. We therefore give an overview of the current state of Aβ aggregate specific detection.
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Cite this article as:
Funke A. S., Birkmann E. and Willbold D., Detection of Amyloid-β Aggregates in Body Fluids: A Suitable Method for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimers Disease?, Current Alzheimer Research 2009; 6 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720509788486536
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720509788486536 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
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Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
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Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
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Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
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