Abstract
While anesthetics are indispensable clinical tools generally safe and effective, in some situations there is grown concern about selective neurotoxicity of these agents; the clinical significance is unclear as of yet. The mechanisms for inhalational anesthetics mediated cell damage are still not clear, although a role for calcium dysregulation has been suggested. For example, the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane decreases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium concentration and increases that in the cytosol and mitochondria. Inhibition of ER calcium release, via either IP3 or ryanodine receptors, significantly inhibited isoflurane neurotoxicity. Neurons made vulnerable to calcium dysregulation by overexpression of mutated presenilin-1 (PS1) or huntingtin (Q-111) proteins showed enhanced apoptosis upon isoflurane exposure. Sevoflurane and desflurane were less potent than isoflurane in altering intracellular calcium, and produced less apoptosis. Short exposures to inhalational anesthetics may provide neuroprotection by preconditioning via a sublethal stress, while prolonged exposures to inhalational anesthetics may induce cell damage by apoptosis through direct cytotoxic effects.
Keywords: Anesthesia, inhalational anesthetics, calcium, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, preconditioning
Current Alzheimer Research
Title: Anesthesia, Calcium Homeostasis and Alzheimers Disease
Volume: 6 Issue: 1
Author(s): Huafeng Wei and Zhongcong Xie
Affiliation:
Keywords: Anesthesia, inhalational anesthetics, calcium, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, preconditioning
Abstract: While anesthetics are indispensable clinical tools generally safe and effective, in some situations there is grown concern about selective neurotoxicity of these agents; the clinical significance is unclear as of yet. The mechanisms for inhalational anesthetics mediated cell damage are still not clear, although a role for calcium dysregulation has been suggested. For example, the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane decreases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium concentration and increases that in the cytosol and mitochondria. Inhibition of ER calcium release, via either IP3 or ryanodine receptors, significantly inhibited isoflurane neurotoxicity. Neurons made vulnerable to calcium dysregulation by overexpression of mutated presenilin-1 (PS1) or huntingtin (Q-111) proteins showed enhanced apoptosis upon isoflurane exposure. Sevoflurane and desflurane were less potent than isoflurane in altering intracellular calcium, and produced less apoptosis. Short exposures to inhalational anesthetics may provide neuroprotection by preconditioning via a sublethal stress, while prolonged exposures to inhalational anesthetics may induce cell damage by apoptosis through direct cytotoxic effects.
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Cite this article as:
Wei Huafeng and Xie Zhongcong, Anesthesia, Calcium Homeostasis and Alzheimers Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2009; 6 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720509787313934
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720509787313934 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
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