Abstract
Synthetic advances made possible chemical assembly of complex oligosaccharide fragments of polysaccharide domains on the surface of human pathogenic bacteria. These oligosaccharides may be recognized by antibodies raised against high molecular weight, native, polysaccharides. In addition to their antigenicity, synthetic oligosaccharides can also function as haptens in their protein conjugates that can elicit not only oligo- but also polysaccharide-specific IgG antibodies in animal models and in humans. A major milestone in the development of new generation vaccines was the demonstration that protein conjugates of synthetic fragments of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b are as efficacious in preventing childhood meningitis and other diseases as is the corresponding licensed commercial vaccine containing the bacterial polysaccharide. The lessons learnt in this and other endeavors described herein are manifold. For example, they teach us about the significance of the oligosaccharide epitope size, the number of their copies per protein in the conjugate, the possible effect of the spacer on anti-saccharide immune response, and the proper choice of the carrier protein combined with the selection of the animal model. The H. influenzae b story also teaches us that that the synthetic approach can be commercially viable.
Keywords: Haemophilus influenzae, oligosaccharides, Shigella Dysenteriae Type 1, Streptococcus Pneumoniae, keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Recent Developments in Synthetic Oligosaccharide-Based Bacterial Vaccines
Volume: 8 Issue: 2
Author(s): Vince Pozsgay
Affiliation:
Keywords: Haemophilus influenzae, oligosaccharides, Shigella Dysenteriae Type 1, Streptococcus Pneumoniae, keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Abstract: Synthetic advances made possible chemical assembly of complex oligosaccharide fragments of polysaccharide domains on the surface of human pathogenic bacteria. These oligosaccharides may be recognized by antibodies raised against high molecular weight, native, polysaccharides. In addition to their antigenicity, synthetic oligosaccharides can also function as haptens in their protein conjugates that can elicit not only oligo- but also polysaccharide-specific IgG antibodies in animal models and in humans. A major milestone in the development of new generation vaccines was the demonstration that protein conjugates of synthetic fragments of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b are as efficacious in preventing childhood meningitis and other diseases as is the corresponding licensed commercial vaccine containing the bacterial polysaccharide. The lessons learnt in this and other endeavors described herein are manifold. For example, they teach us about the significance of the oligosaccharide epitope size, the number of their copies per protein in the conjugate, the possible effect of the spacer on anti-saccharide immune response, and the proper choice of the carrier protein combined with the selection of the animal model. The H. influenzae b story also teaches us that that the synthetic approach can be commercially viable.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pozsgay Vince, Recent Developments in Synthetic Oligosaccharide-Based Bacterial Vaccines, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2008; 8 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802608783378864
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802608783378864 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Current Scenario and Future Prospect in the Management of COVID-19
Current Medicinal Chemistry Modern 3D Printing Technologies: Future Trends and Developments
Recent Patents on Engineering The Balance between von-Willebrand Factor and its Cleaving Protease ADAMTS13: Biomarker in Systemic Inflammation and Development of Organ Failure?
Current Molecular Medicine West Nile Virus Vaccine.
Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders The Tortuous Road to an Ideal CGRP Function Blocker for the Treatment of Migraine
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Honey as a Source of Dietary Antioxidants: Structures, Bioavailability and Evidence of Protective Effects Against Human Chronic Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Severe Meningococcal Infections in Children and Adolescents
Current Pediatric Reviews Role of Microglia in the Pathogenesis of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Lignans and Neolignans Anti-tuberculosis Identified by QSAR and Molecular Modeling
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Effective Antiviral Medicinal Plants and Biological Compounds Against Central Nervous System Infections: A Mechanistic Review
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Radioimmunotherapy of Solid Tumors: Searching for the Right Target
Current Drug Delivery New Perspectives in Glioma Immunotherapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Imaging Primary Brain Tumors by Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) with Technetium-99m Sestamibi (MIBI) and Tetrofosmin
Current Medical Imaging Targeting B Cells in SLE: The Experience with Rituximab Treatment (Anti-CD20)
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Brucellosis Serostatus Among Pregnant Women with Spontaneous Abortion and Stillbirth
Current Women`s Health Reviews New Drugs for Epidural Analgesia
Current Drug Targets Central Nervous System Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Current Rheumatology Reviews Highlights in the Development of New Antiviral Agents
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Induction of Cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-Glycoprotein by the Isoxazolyl- Penicillin Antibiotic Flucloxacillin
Current Drug Metabolism The Application of X-ray, NMR, and Molecular Modeling in the Design of MMP Inhibitors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry