Abstract
The regulation of enzyme activity function is a major factor in the cellular response to a changing environment. One mechanism of enzyme activity regulation includes post-translational protein thiol modification by nitric oxide (NO) or its redox species. Major routs used by NO to modify cysteine residues of proteins include S-nitrosation, oxidation, mixed disulfide formation with glutathione, and the covalent attachment of nucleotide cofactors, i.e NAD NADH. Critical thiol centers serve as recognition sites for NO, thus channeling the NO signal through post-translational modifications and oxidation into cellular functions. Here, we summarize current knowledge on active site thiol modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and caspase-3 by nitric oxide. Although very different in their cellular function, both enzymes contain highly reactive cysteines which represent sensitive targets for NO. Our studies are supportive of a potential role of S-nitrosation and mixed disulfide formation as a general signaling mechanism that allows sensing of nitrosative stress. At the same time, modification of GAPDH and caspase-3 by NO show the diversity of mechanisms (S-nitrosation versus oxidations) that we are confronted with as a result of NO delivery, especially comparing in vitro studies with cellular systems. In the future it will be challenging to dissect how nitrosative and oxidative signaling mechanisms overlap and how intracellular communication systems allow their activation in a selective way.
Keywords: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase, Caspase-3, Nitric Oxide, GAPDH, S-NITROSATION, S-GLUTATHIONYLATION OF GAPDH, Caspases, S-GLUTA-THIONYLATION
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title: Protein Thiol Modification of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase and Caspase-3 by Nitric Oxide
Volume: 2 Issue: 1
Author(s): Bernhard Brune and Susanne Mohr
Affiliation:
Keywords: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase, Caspase-3, Nitric Oxide, GAPDH, S-NITROSATION, S-GLUTATHIONYLATION OF GAPDH, Caspases, S-GLUTA-THIONYLATION
Abstract: The regulation of enzyme activity function is a major factor in the cellular response to a changing environment. One mechanism of enzyme activity regulation includes post-translational protein thiol modification by nitric oxide (NO) or its redox species. Major routs used by NO to modify cysteine residues of proteins include S-nitrosation, oxidation, mixed disulfide formation with glutathione, and the covalent attachment of nucleotide cofactors, i.e NAD NADH. Critical thiol centers serve as recognition sites for NO, thus channeling the NO signal through post-translational modifications and oxidation into cellular functions. Here, we summarize current knowledge on active site thiol modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and caspase-3 by nitric oxide. Although very different in their cellular function, both enzymes contain highly reactive cysteines which represent sensitive targets for NO. Our studies are supportive of a potential role of S-nitrosation and mixed disulfide formation as a general signaling mechanism that allows sensing of nitrosative stress. At the same time, modification of GAPDH and caspase-3 by NO show the diversity of mechanisms (S-nitrosation versus oxidations) that we are confronted with as a result of NO delivery, especially comparing in vitro studies with cellular systems. In the future it will be challenging to dissect how nitrosative and oxidative signaling mechanisms overlap and how intracellular communication systems allow their activation in a selective way.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Brune Bernhard and Mohr Susanne, Protein Thiol Modification of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase and Caspase-3 by Nitric Oxide, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2001; 2 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203013381206
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203013381206 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Proteomic and Peptidomic Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy: Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment
The scope of this thematic issue centers on the integration of proteomic and peptidomic technologies into the field of cancer immunotherapy, with a particular emphasis on exploring the tumor immune microenvironment. This issue aims to gather contributions that illustrate the application of these advanced methodologies in unveiling the complex interplay ...read more
Nutrition and Metabolism in Musculoskeletal Diseases
The musculoskeletal system consists mainly of cartilage, bone, muscles, tendons, connective tissue and ligaments. Balanced metabolism is of vital importance for the homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system. A series of musculoskeletal diseases (for example, sarcopenia, osteoporosis) are resulted from the dysregulated metabolism of the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, metabolic diseases (such ...read more
Protein Folding, Aggregation and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation
Protein folding, misfolding and aggregation remain one of the main problems of interdisciplinary science not only because many questions are still open, but also because they are important from the point of view of practical application. Protein aggregation and formation of fibrillar structures, for example, is a hallmark of a ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Roles of p38-MAPK in Insulin Resistant Heart: Evidence from Bench to Future Bedside Application
Current Pharmaceutical Design Identifying New Pathways and Targets for Wound Healing and Therapeutics from Natural Sources
Current Drug Delivery Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome
Current Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis, Docking and Antidiabetic Activity of Some Newer Benzamide Derivatives as Potential Glucokinase Activators
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Psychological Stress and the Development of Heart Disease
Current Psychiatry Reviews The Proteolytic Activation of Angiogenic and Lymphangiogenic Growth Factors in Cancer – Its Potential Relevance for Therapeutics and Diagnostics
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Emerging Role of Nitrite as an Endogenous Modulator and Therapeutic Agent of Cardiovascular Function
Current Medicinal Chemistry Plasticity of Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions During Ontogeny: Role of Perinatal Programming in Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Stress- Related Diseases in Adults
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Generation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Blood Cell Reprogramming
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Source of Dopaminergic Neurons: A Potential Cell Based Therapy for Parkinson's Disease
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Deletion of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced CHOP Protects Microvasculature Post-Spinal Cord Injury
Current Neurovascular Research Antitumor Activity of Magnetite Nanoparticles: Influence of Hydrocarbonated Chain of Saturated Aliphatic Monocarboxylic Acids
Current Organic Chemistry Clinical Development of mTOR Inhibitors: A Focus on Lymphoma
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Regulation of the PI3K-Akt Network: Current Status and a Promise for the Treatment of Human Diseases
Current Signal Transduction Therapy The Effects of 1,3,5-trisubstituted Indole Derivatives on Cell Growth, Apoptosis and MMP-2/9 mRNA Expression of MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pyrrolo[2,3-d]Pyrimidines as Kinase Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Tracking Stem Cell Therapy in the Myocardium: Applications of Positron Emission Tomography
Current Pharmaceutical Design Small Molecules ATP-Competitive Inhibitors of FLT3: A Chemical Overview
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Novel Functions of cGMP-Specific Phosphodiesterase 5 and its Inhibitors in Carcinoma Cells and Pulmonary/Cardiovascular Vessels
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Drug Abuse, Brain Calcification and Glutamate-Induced Neurodegeneration
Current Drug Abuse Reviews