Abstract
Oxidative stress is the main pathophysiological mechanism involved in the development of stroke. Severe DNA damage induced by oxidative stress or apoptotic stimuli activates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), causing a rapid depletion of nuclear NAD pools, cellular energy, and thiols. The biochemical activity of nicotinamide in the body is based on its conversion into NAD. Nicotinamide and its structural analogues possess a weak inhibitory effect on PARP. Nicotinamide exerts its neuroprotective effects by increasing NAD synthesis and ATP production indirectly and inhibiting PARP directly. By inhibiting PARP, membrane phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation, nicotinamide can prevent brain necrosis and apoptosis effectively. Administration of nicotinamide at an early stage of stroke provides a new means to rescue the still viable but injured nerve cells within the ischemic and limit areas.
Keywords: Nicotinamide, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, neuroprotective
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery
Title: Structure Activity Relationships for Nicotinamide in the Treatment of Stroke
Volume: 1 Issue: 1
Author(s): Jun Yang and James D. Adams Jr.
Affiliation:
Keywords: Nicotinamide, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, neuroprotective
Abstract: Oxidative stress is the main pathophysiological mechanism involved in the development of stroke. Severe DNA damage induced by oxidative stress or apoptotic stimuli activates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), causing a rapid depletion of nuclear NAD pools, cellular energy, and thiols. The biochemical activity of nicotinamide in the body is based on its conversion into NAD. Nicotinamide and its structural analogues possess a weak inhibitory effect on PARP. Nicotinamide exerts its neuroprotective effects by increasing NAD synthesis and ATP production indirectly and inhibiting PARP directly. By inhibiting PARP, membrane phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation, nicotinamide can prevent brain necrosis and apoptosis effectively. Administration of nicotinamide at an early stage of stroke provides a new means to rescue the still viable but injured nerve cells within the ischemic and limit areas.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Yang Jun and Adams Jr. D. James, Structure Activity Relationships for Nicotinamide in the Treatment of Stroke, Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 2004; 1 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180043485716
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180043485716 |
Print ISSN 1570-1808 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-628X |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
The Clinical Usefulness of Nuclear Medicine Techniques in the Diagnosis of Vascular Graft Infections
Current Molecular Imaging (Discontinued) microRNA as Biomarkers and Regulator of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Patents on Implantable Drug/Protein Delivery Systems Fabricated Using Electrospinning
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Protective Role of Diabetes Mellitus on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Pathogenesis: Myth or Reality?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Cellular Mechanisms of Bypass Vein Graft Arterialization and Approaches to Attenuate Graft Remodeling
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Nifedipine Inhibits the Progression of An Experimentally Induced Cerebral Aneurysm in Rats with Associated Down-Regulation of NF-Kappa B Transcriptional Activity
Current Neurovascular Research Treating COPD in Older and Oldest Old Patients
Current Pharmaceutical Design Natural Agents Modulating ACE-2: A Review of Compounds with Potential against SARS-CoV-2 Infections
Current Pharmaceutical Design Lipid Management for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Matrix Metalloproteinase Knockout Studies and the Potential Use of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in the Rheumatic Diseases
Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy 3D CT Angiography of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Associated Ectopic Pelvic Kidney: A Case Report of Rare Concomitance
Current Medical Imaging Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging Perspectives of Gene Therapies in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Current Gene Therapy Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: What About Screening?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Animal Models of Focal Cerebral Ischaemia and Haemorrhagic Transformation: Considerations in Experimental Stroke Study Design
Current Vascular Pharmacology Tracking the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate After Transplantation Into the Infarcted Myocardium
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Review: Technegas - 99mTc-Metal Core Graphite Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Ventilation Imaging
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Heart Failure in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Current Cardiology Reviews Antifungal Therapy of Aspergillosis of the Central Nervous System and Aspergillus Endophthalmitis
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of microRNA in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Current Drug Delivery