Abstract
Leptin and ghrelin are novel peptide hormones which are counter-regulatory in the central control of appetite. More recently, it has become clear that these hormones have a range of effects on the cardiovascular system. Leptin increases sympathetic activity, producing a pressor effect when acting on the central nervous system. However, leptin produces vasodilation by an endothelium-dependent mechanism peripherally. Ghrelin decreases sympathetic activity and has a depressor effect when acting on the central nervous system. Peripherally, ghrelin produces vasodilation by an endothelium- independent mechanism. Ghrelin improves left ventricular function and cardiac cachexia in heart failure. Leptin may contribute to cardiac cachexia, and to obesity-related cardiomyopathy by a variety of mechanisms. Leptin has proinflammatory, proliferative and calcification promoting effects in the vasculature. Ghrelin has recently been shown to be anti-inflammatory in the vasculature. Leptin may also produce a pro-thrombotic state through stimulation of platelet aggregation and inhibition of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The evidence for and against these effects as well as their pathophysiological significance in obesity hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis and thrombosis are discussed.
Keywords: leptin, ghrelin, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, thrombosis
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title: The Emerging Roles of Leptin and Ghrelin in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
Volume: 3 Issue: 2
Author(s): Vijay Sharma and John H. McNeill
Affiliation:
Keywords: leptin, ghrelin, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, thrombosis
Abstract: Leptin and ghrelin are novel peptide hormones which are counter-regulatory in the central control of appetite. More recently, it has become clear that these hormones have a range of effects on the cardiovascular system. Leptin increases sympathetic activity, producing a pressor effect when acting on the central nervous system. However, leptin produces vasodilation by an endothelium-dependent mechanism peripherally. Ghrelin decreases sympathetic activity and has a depressor effect when acting on the central nervous system. Peripherally, ghrelin produces vasodilation by an endothelium- independent mechanism. Ghrelin improves left ventricular function and cardiac cachexia in heart failure. Leptin may contribute to cardiac cachexia, and to obesity-related cardiomyopathy by a variety of mechanisms. Leptin has proinflammatory, proliferative and calcification promoting effects in the vasculature. Ghrelin has recently been shown to be anti-inflammatory in the vasculature. Leptin may also produce a pro-thrombotic state through stimulation of platelet aggregation and inhibition of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The evidence for and against these effects as well as their pathophysiological significance in obesity hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis and thrombosis are discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sharma Vijay and McNeill H. John, The Emerging Roles of Leptin and Ghrelin in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2005; 3 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161053586868
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161053586868 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
A Novel, Biodegradable, Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Attenuates Ventricular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction - a review
Current Pharmaceutical Design The First Line of Defense Against Cardiac Hypertrophy
Current Molecular Medicine There is a Link Between Erectile Dysfunction and Heart Failure: It could be Inflammation
Current Drug Targets Alzheimer Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: Do They have Anything in Common?
Current Alzheimer Research Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Good Candidate for Restenosis Therapy?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Pitavastatin and 4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyacetophenone (HMAP) Reduce Cognitive Dysfunction in Vascular Dementia During Experimental Diabetes
Current Neurovascular Research Surrogates of Insulin Sensitivity and Indices of Cardiometabolic Profile in Obesity
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Role of Stem Cells in Muscular Dystrophies
Current Gene Therapy The CD4C/HIVNef Transgenic Model of AIDS
Current HIV Research Hyperhomocysteinemia and Sudden Cardiac Death: Potential Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms
Current Vascular Pharmacology Heart Failure in North America
Current Cardiology Reviews Pathomechanisms of Myocardial Dysfunction in Sepsis
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Does More MnSOD Mean More Hydrogen Peroxide?
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cardiac Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Pharmaceutical Design Long Non-Coding RNA GAS5 in Age-Related Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Limitations of Current Antiretroviral Agents and Opportunities for Development
Current Pharmaceutical Design Epigenetic Regulation of Myocardial Homeostasis, Self-Regeneration and Senescence
Current Drug Targets Gender Differences in Response to Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Pathogenesis of and Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate the Transthyretin Amyloidoses
Current Pharmaceutical Design Green Tea Attenuates Cardiovascular Remodeling and Metabolic Symptoms in High Carbohydrate-Fed Rats
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology