Abstract
In diabetes, clear evidence has emerged for the presence of oxidative-nitrosative stress, which may be a consequence of a glucose-mediated imbalance of systemic antioxidant buffering capacity, coupled with increased production of free radical species. Although multiple metabolic pathways have been identified, which may contribute to oxidative stress in diabetes, the principal pathogenetic pathways and their key down-stream targets remain to be established. Evidence links oxidative stress in particular, to elevations of postprandial glucose and lipids, which also have recently emerged as major risk factors for cardiovascular events. Indeed, considerable evidence suggests that increased oxidative stress in diabetes may play an important role in the development or progression of cardiovascular disease by a number of different mechanisms, including alterations of cardiovascular sympathetic nervous system tone and integrity, elevation of acute phase reactants, disruption of endothelial function and facilitation of myocardial injury. Despite the disappointments of recent large scale clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of antioxidants in cardiovascular disease, many therapeutic agents which have been used successfully in diabetic subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease have a mechanism of action which includes an antioxidant capacity. Therefore, incorporating an antioxidant action in future therapeutic approaches to combat cardiovascular disease complicating diabetes, appears to remain justified and warrants further evaluation.
Keywords: antioxidant, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, cardiovascular disease, sympathetic nervous system
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title: Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress as a Contributing Factor to Cardiovascular Disease in Subjects with Diabetes
Volume: 3 Issue: 3
Author(s): Martin J. Stevens
Affiliation:
Keywords: antioxidant, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, cardiovascular disease, sympathetic nervous system
Abstract: In diabetes, clear evidence has emerged for the presence of oxidative-nitrosative stress, which may be a consequence of a glucose-mediated imbalance of systemic antioxidant buffering capacity, coupled with increased production of free radical species. Although multiple metabolic pathways have been identified, which may contribute to oxidative stress in diabetes, the principal pathogenetic pathways and their key down-stream targets remain to be established. Evidence links oxidative stress in particular, to elevations of postprandial glucose and lipids, which also have recently emerged as major risk factors for cardiovascular events. Indeed, considerable evidence suggests that increased oxidative stress in diabetes may play an important role in the development or progression of cardiovascular disease by a number of different mechanisms, including alterations of cardiovascular sympathetic nervous system tone and integrity, elevation of acute phase reactants, disruption of endothelial function and facilitation of myocardial injury. Despite the disappointments of recent large scale clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of antioxidants in cardiovascular disease, many therapeutic agents which have been used successfully in diabetic subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease have a mechanism of action which includes an antioxidant capacity. Therefore, incorporating an antioxidant action in future therapeutic approaches to combat cardiovascular disease complicating diabetes, appears to remain justified and warrants further evaluation.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Stevens J. Martin, Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress as a Contributing Factor to Cardiovascular Disease in Subjects with Diabetes, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2005; 3 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161054368544
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161054368544 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Takotsubo-Like Left Ventricular Dysfunction in an HIV-Infected Patient
Current HIV Research New Therapeutic Approaches to Arterial Calcification Via Inhibition of Transglutaminase andβ-Catenin Signalin
Current Pharmaceutical Design Comparison of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Clinical Features in Patients Depending on Involvement or Absence of Kidney Involvement
Current Rheumatology Reviews Beta-blockers in Intensive Care Medicine: Potential Benefit in Acute Brain Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation - What Do We Really Know?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Current Concepts Underlying Benefits of Exercise Training in Congestive Heart Failure Patients
Current Cardiology Reviews Effectiveness of Resveratrol Against Cardiovascular Disease
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Clinical Implications of Recent Insights into the Structural Biology of Beta2 Adrenoceptors
Current Drug Targets Editorial [Hot Topic: Modifying Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Epidemiology and Characteristics of Hypertension-Related Disorders (Executive Guest Editor: Aurelio Leone)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Rewiring the Heart: Stem Cell Therapy to Restore Normal Cardiac Excitability and Conduction
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Modulation of k-Ras Signaling by Natural Products
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hypertension and Cardiac Arrhythmias
Current Pharmaceutical Design “Seeing is Believing”: Perspectives of Applying Imaging Technology in Discovery Toxicology
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening MicroRNAs as Early Biomarkers in Obesity and Related Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Electrocardiographic and Cardiac Autonomic Indices - Implications of Sex-Specific Risk Stratification in Women After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sepsis Pathophysiology and Anesthetic Consideration
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Folding, Assembly, and Stability of Transmembrane Cytochromes
Current Chemical Biology Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances in Drug Discovery
Current Pharmaceutical Design Exercise as a platform for pharmacotherapy development in cardiac diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design