Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains a major cause of morbidity. Despite advances in revascularisation procedures and medical treatment, limb salvage and relief of pain are still not satisfactory in patients with severe disease. This has prompted the exploration of alternative modes of treatment including enhancement of new vessel formation (angiogenesis). Angiogenic Growth Factors (AGF), mainly Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) have emerged as exciting therapeutic modalities. Both experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that topical (mainly intramuscular) AGF gene therapy results in improved peripheral vasculature and alleviation of symptoms. However, most clinical work is limited to small patient series and the long-term safety and efficacy are still unclear. Clinical benefit must be balanced against potential untoward effects, such as tumour growth and atherosclerotic plaque angiogenesis leading to plaque instability. VEGF is important in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular disease. Further studies are required before implementation of AGF therapy in clinical practice.
Keywords: Angiogenesis, growth factors, peripheral arterial disease, vascular endothelial growth factor
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title: Angiogenic Growth Factors in the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Volume: 5 Issue: 3
Author(s): Dimitrios Mikroulis, Nikolaos Papanas, Efstratios Maltezos and Georgios Bougioukas
Affiliation:
Keywords: Angiogenesis, growth factors, peripheral arterial disease, vascular endothelial growth factor
Abstract: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains a major cause of morbidity. Despite advances in revascularisation procedures and medical treatment, limb salvage and relief of pain are still not satisfactory in patients with severe disease. This has prompted the exploration of alternative modes of treatment including enhancement of new vessel formation (angiogenesis). Angiogenic Growth Factors (AGF), mainly Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) have emerged as exciting therapeutic modalities. Both experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that topical (mainly intramuscular) AGF gene therapy results in improved peripheral vasculature and alleviation of symptoms. However, most clinical work is limited to small patient series and the long-term safety and efficacy are still unclear. Clinical benefit must be balanced against potential untoward effects, such as tumour growth and atherosclerotic plaque angiogenesis leading to plaque instability. VEGF is important in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular disease. Further studies are required before implementation of AGF therapy in clinical practice.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Dimitrios Mikroulis , Nikolaos Papanas , Efstratios Maltezos and Georgios Bougioukas , Angiogenic Growth Factors in the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2007; 5 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016107781024136
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016107781024136 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Targets Involved in Cardioprotection by the Non-Anesthetic Noble Gas Helium
Current Drug Targets Refined Echocardiographic Assessment and Contemporary Medical Treatment of Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Transactivation of ErbB Receptors by Leptin in the Cardiovascular System: Mechanisms, Consequences and Target for Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Progress and Prospect with Herbal Medicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mechanisms of Neuronal Damage and Neuroprotection Underlying Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury after Physical Exercise
Current Drug Targets Adenosine A<sub>3</sub> Receptor: A promising therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Therapeutic Potential of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Human Skeletal Muscle for Cardiovascular Regeneration
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Current Challenges in Cartilage Tissue Engineering: A Review of Current Cellular-Based Therapies
Current Rheumatology Reviews Editorial [Hot Topic:Anti-Inflammatory Strategy: Old Ally or New Promise in Therapy (Guest Editor: Marcella Reale)]
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Natural Polymeric Nanoparticles for Brain-Targeting: Implications on Drug and Gene Delivery
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Pleiotropic Effects of PPARs on Vascular Cells and Angiogenesis: Implications for Tissue Engineering
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Cardiac Workup of Ischemic Stroke
Current Cardiology Reviews Imaging Agents in Targeting Tumor Hypoxia
Current Medicinal Chemistry Triple Threat: The Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger in the Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Ischemia and Heart Failure
Current Drug Targets Effects of Metabolic Approach in Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Intraoperative Period
Current Cardiology Reviews The Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Repair and Disease Modification
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Metallothionein as a Scavenger of Free Radicals - New Cardioprotective Therapeutic Agent or Initiator of Tumor Chemoresistance?
Current Drug Targets MMP-9 Inhibitors in the Brain: Can Old Bullets Shoot New Targets?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial [Hot Topic: Natural Products for the Healthy Heart (Guest Editor : Dipak K. Das)]
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology