Abstract
Over 33% of women and 20% of men aged 65 and older will develop dementia during their lifetime, and many more will develop a milder form of cognitive impairment. Given the anticipated exponential increase in both the incidence and prevalence of cognitive impairment in the next century, it is critical to identify preventative strategies to thwart this critical public health issue. The metabolic syndrome is comprised of five cardiovascular risk factors that include abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, similar to that for cognitive disorders, increases dramatically with age. While several of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome have been linked to risk of developing dementia and cognitive impairment, few studies have looked at the components of the metabolic syndrome as a whole. We found, in two separate studies involving elders of different ethnicities, that the metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for accelerated cognitive aging. This was especially true for elders with the metabolic syndrome and with elevated serum level of inflammation. Several possible mechanisms may explain the association between the metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline including micro- and macro-vascular disease, inflammation, adiposity and insulin resistance. If metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of developing cognitive impairment, regardless of mechanism, then early identification and treatment of these individuals might offer avenues for disease course modification.
Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, cognition, dementia, insulin resistance
Current Alzheimer Research
Title: Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Decline
Volume: 4 Issue: 2
Author(s): Kristine Yaffe
Affiliation:
Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, cognition, dementia, insulin resistance
Abstract: Over 33% of women and 20% of men aged 65 and older will develop dementia during their lifetime, and many more will develop a milder form of cognitive impairment. Given the anticipated exponential increase in both the incidence and prevalence of cognitive impairment in the next century, it is critical to identify preventative strategies to thwart this critical public health issue. The metabolic syndrome is comprised of five cardiovascular risk factors that include abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, similar to that for cognitive disorders, increases dramatically with age. While several of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome have been linked to risk of developing dementia and cognitive impairment, few studies have looked at the components of the metabolic syndrome as a whole. We found, in two separate studies involving elders of different ethnicities, that the metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for accelerated cognitive aging. This was especially true for elders with the metabolic syndrome and with elevated serum level of inflammation. Several possible mechanisms may explain the association between the metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline including micro- and macro-vascular disease, inflammation, adiposity and insulin resistance. If metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of developing cognitive impairment, regardless of mechanism, then early identification and treatment of these individuals might offer avenues for disease course modification.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Yaffe Kristine, Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Decline, Current Alzheimer Research 2007; 4 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720507780362191
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720507780362191 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
VEGF in the Muscular Layer of Placental Blood Vessels: Immuno- Expression in Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restrictrion and its Association with the Antioxidant Status
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Anti-inflammatory Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Gene Therapy in Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism
Current Gene Therapy Pharmacological Interventions on Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, a Clinical Marker of Vascular Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Mitochondria as Possible Pharmaceutical Targets for the Effects of Vitamin E and its Homologues in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Periodontitis and Redox Status: A Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Effect of Local Alcohol Delivery in Reducing Intimal Hyperplasia Induced by Vascular Injury and the Clinical Implications
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Beneficial Effects of Statins on Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Stiffness
Current Vascular Pharmacology Antioxidant Activity of Galantamine and Some of its Derivatives
Current Medicinal Chemistry Predictive Factors of follow-up Non-attendance and Mortality Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- an Analysis of the Malaysian Diabetes Registry 2009
Current Diabetes Reviews Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease - Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD), A Review of Published Patents and Patent Applications
Recent Patents on Biomarkers MicroRNA Biogenesis in Hypoxia
MicroRNA Insulin Resistance and Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Heme Oxygenase-1 as a Target for the Design of Gene and Pharmaceutical Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases
Current Gene Therapy Editorial: Liraglutide and Cardiometabolic Effects: More than Just Another Antiobesity Drug?
Current Vascular Pharmacology A Review on Solvent-free Methods in Organic Synthesis
Current Organic Chemistry Phytosterols and Inflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Could Better Phenotyping Small Vessel Disease Provide New Insights into Alzheimer Disease and Improve Clinical Trial Outcomes?
Current Alzheimer Research Drug Repurposing: An Emerging Tool for Drug Reuse, Recycling and Discovery
Current Drug Research Reviews Interconnection of Estrogen/Testosterone Metabolism and Mevalonate Pathway in Breast and Prostate Cancers
Current Molecular Pharmacology