Abstract
Insulin resistance can be regarded to be a cause, a consequence, a sustainer or a marker of the wider neuroendocrine dysfunction within which it occurs. In the final part of our series of reviews, we examine the systemic influences which operate within the metabolic syndrome: the endocrine system, the central nervous system and the immune system. We discuss strategies for integrating the array of information that is being gathered, in particular the need for computer simulation. We also advocate the need to move beyond the linear paradigm of ‘cause and effect’ and use causal networks to think about this system. We also discuss the need to understand the temperospatial organisation of the factors being studied. Finally, we draw together the data, concepts and hypotheses we have reviewed over the course of these four articles.
Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, epidemiology, cortisol, hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenal axis, insulin, insulin signalling, hyperinsulinemia
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title: The Etiology of Hypertension in the Metabolic Syndrome Part Four: The Systemic Perspective – The Role of the Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems,and the Challenge of Integration
Volume: 4 Issue: 4
Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, epidemiology, cortisol, hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenal axis, insulin, insulin signalling, hyperinsulinemia
Abstract: Insulin resistance can be regarded to be a cause, a consequence, a sustainer or a marker of the wider neuroendocrine dysfunction within which it occurs. In the final part of our series of reviews, we examine the systemic influences which operate within the metabolic syndrome: the endocrine system, the central nervous system and the immune system. We discuss strategies for integrating the array of information that is being gathered, in particular the need for computer simulation. We also advocate the need to move beyond the linear paradigm of ‘cause and effect’ and use causal networks to think about this system. We also discuss the need to understand the temperospatial organisation of the factors being studied. Finally, we draw together the data, concepts and hypotheses we have reviewed over the course of these four articles.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
The Etiology of Hypertension in the Metabolic Syndrome Part Four: The Systemic Perspective – The Role of the Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems,and the Challenge of Integration, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2006; 4 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016106778521599
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016106778521599 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Nano-constructed Carriers Loaded With Antioxidant: Boon For Cardiovascular System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nutritional Supplements Modulating Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Current Nutrition & Food Science The Use of Carvedilol in Pediatric Heart Failure
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets An Inflammation-related Nutrient Pattern is Associated with Both Brain and Cognitive Measures in a Multiethnic Elderly Population
Current Alzheimer Research Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Garlic and Onion (Allium sp.)
Current Nutrition & Food Science Human Saphenous Vein and Coronary Bypass Surgery: Scanning Electron Microscopy of Conventional and ‘No-Touch’ Vein Grafts
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Editorial (Thematic Issue: Protection, Repair and Regeneration of Achybreaky Heart)
Current Drug Targets Red Wine, Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Kidney and the Sympathetic System: A Short Review
Current Clinical Pharmacology Isolation and Quantification of Chemical Marker of Polygonatum verticillatum: First Report
Current Traditional Medicine Inhibition of Disulfide Reductases as a Therapeutic Strategy
Current Enzyme Inhibition Editorial (Thematic Issue: Global Trends in Nanotechnological Approaches for Various Health Issues – Volume II)
Current Drug Metabolism Periodontal Disease and Potential Association with Systemic Diseases and Conditions (Mini-review)
Applied Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs Osteoblastic Responses to LPS, Glucose-oxidised LDL and Minocycline: Therapeutic Targets for Periodontal and Cardiometabolic Diseases
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Metabolic Syndrome X is a Low-Grade Systemic Inflammatory Condition with its Origins in the Perinatal Period
Current Nutrition & Food Science Chemistry and Biology of Indoles and Indazoles: A Mini-Review
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Dietary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress from a Human and Plant Perspective: A Review
Current Nutrition & Food Science Matrix Metalloproteinases: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Atherosclerosis
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Mechanisms of Inflammatory Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Pharmacological Modulation of Nitric Oxide Release: New Pharmacological Perspectives, Potential Benefits and Risks
Current Medicinal Chemistry