Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) comprises a triphenylethylene derivative with pronounced activity as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) that acts on the Estrogen Receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells preventing the tumorigenesis in high risk women. TAM constitutes the most prescribed chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of breast cancer, acting through its in vivo metabolites (Z)- 4-hydroxytamoxifen (Z-4-HTAM) and 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl-tamoxifen (endoxifen). Literature search has indicated that the efficient construction of TAM backbone is achieved through three major routes. One concerns the formation of the appropriately phenylsubstituted double bond of TAM, a second includes the reductive coupling of two aromatic ketones and the third refers to the coupling of olefins with metallated aromatics in the presence of transition metal catalysts. A deconstruction of these pathways and a comprehensive picture of the synthetic strategies towards the efficient approach of TAM are presented in this review. Furthermore, novel synthetic routes that differentiate or act complementary to these general routes are also considered. Issues such as the reactions efficiency and stereoselectivity have also been addressed.
Keywords: Tamoxifen, antiestrogen, breast cancer, SERM, carbometallation, organometallic nucleophiles
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of Heterocyclic Chemistry with Pesticide Activity
Global food safety and security will continue to be a global concern for the next 50 years and beyond. Plant diseases have had a significant impact on food safety and security throughout the entire food chain, from primary production to consumption. While conventional chemical pesticides have been traditionally used for ...read more
Calculation design of covalent/metal organic framework based catalysts
This research area combines theoretical computation and screening with machine learning for the design of covalent/metal organic framework-based catalysts, bridging the disciplines of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, computational chemistry, materials science, and machine learning. It covers several critical aspects: designing and synthesizing organic catalysts for improved performance, applying computational methods ...read more
Carbohydrates conversion in biofuels and bioproducts
Biomass pretreatment, hydrolysis, and saccharification of carbohydrates, and sugars bioconversion in biofuels and bioproducts within a biorefinery framework. Carbohydrates derived from woody biomass, agricultural wastes, algae, sewage sludge, or any other lignocellulosic feedstock are included in this issue. Simulation, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis of a biorefinery process are ...read more
Catalytic C-H bond activation as a tool for functionalization of heterocycles
The major topic is the functionalization of heterocycles through catalyzed C-H bond activation. The strategies based on C-H activation not only provide straightforward formation of C-C or C-X bonds but, more importantly, allow for the avoidance of pre-functionalization of one or two of the cross-coupling partners. The beneficial impact of ...read more
Related Books
Advances in Organic Synthesis
The Synthetic Methods, Structures, and Properties of the Ca-C σ Bond Organocalcium Containing Compounds
Advances in Organic Synthesis
Chemistry of Bipyrazoles: Synthesis and Applications
Advances in Organic Synthesis
Advanced Nanocatalysis for Organic Synthesis and Electroanalysis
Advances in Organic Synthesis
Advances in Organic Synthesis
57