Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To date, although a bulk of evidences suggest that the etiology of PD is multifactorial, none of the mechanisms yet proposed have been considered conclusive. Activated glia seem to play a critical role in the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD, by secreting a complex array of cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and complement proteins that may have deleterious effects on the dopaminergic system. Recently, it has been reported that microglia activation and immunity are key factors contributing to disease progression. Here, we review studies on the role of inflammation mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD and highlight some of the important areas for future investigation.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, microglia, inflammation, immune system, dopamine neurons, cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, Oxidative stress, pesticides
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Current Opinions and Perspectives on the Role of Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease
Volume: 18 Issue: 2
Author(s): Maria Antonietta Panaro and Antonia Cianciulli
Affiliation:
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, microglia, inflammation, immune system, dopamine neurons, cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, Oxidative stress, pesticides
Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To date, although a bulk of evidences suggest that the etiology of PD is multifactorial, none of the mechanisms yet proposed have been considered conclusive. Activated glia seem to play a critical role in the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD, by secreting a complex array of cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and complement proteins that may have deleterious effects on the dopaminergic system. Recently, it has been reported that microglia activation and immunity are key factors contributing to disease progression. Here, we review studies on the role of inflammation mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD and highlight some of the important areas for future investigation.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Antonietta Panaro Maria and Cianciulli Antonia, Current Opinions and Perspectives on the Role of Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212799040574
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212799040574 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Role of Sirtuins and Calorie Restriction in Neuroprotection: Implications in Alzheimers and Parkinsons Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mitochondrial Biogenesis: A Therapeutic Target for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Etiology of Neuroinflammatory Pathologies in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Treatise
Current Psychopharmacology Multicomponent Reactions for Multitargeted Compounds for Alzheimer`s Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Potential Role of Sirtuins Regarding the Effects of Exercise on Aging- Related Diseases
Current Aging Science Editorial: New Avenues and Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Silymarin Extends Lifespan and Reduces Proteotoxicity in C. elegans Alzheimer’s Model
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets A Neurotrophic Rationale for the Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Alzheimer Research Proteomics Annotation of Lipid Rafts Modified by Virus Infection
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Purinergic Signaling and Energy Homeostasis in Psychiatric Disorders
Current Molecular Medicine Recent Updates of N-Type Calcium Channel Blockers with Therapeutic Potential for Neuropathic Pain and Stroke
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Vascular Factors in Late-Onset Sporadic Alzheimers Disease. Genetic and Molecular Aspects
Current Alzheimer Research Amyloid Deposition and Inflammation in APPswe/PS1dE9 Mouse Model of Alzheimers Disease
Current Alzheimer Research N-Aryl-5-aminopyrazole: A Versatile Architecture in Medicinal Chemistry
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Interacting Proteins: Evolving Drug Targets
Current Drug Targets DNAJ Proteins and Protein Aggregation Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Introduction: Strategies, Molecular Targets and Animal Models Useful for Developing Therapies for Alzheimers Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents Current Treatment Options for Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia
Current Neuropharmacology Cultured Adult Animal Neurons and Schwann Cells Give Us New Insights into Diabetic Neuropathy
Current Diabetes Reviews Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Muscle Contraction Against Chronic Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design