Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of arteries and is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the build-up of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris within the intima of the vessel wall. A number of factors commonly characterized as “risk factors” for atherosclerosis have been identified to facilitate the development of atherosclerosis by decreasing NO bioavailability in the vascular endothelium. The serious clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis (including coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease) augment the need of performing the appropriate diagnostic methods to the patients. The most important diagnostic methods include the usage of biochemical markers and the invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques assessing endothelial function. The main drug categories that have been proved to ameliorate the inflammatory state in atherosclerosis are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptors blockers, statins, and antioxidants.
Keywords: Inflammation, atherosclerosis, endothelium, biomarker, angiotensin, statins, antioxidants, low-density lipoproteins, microalbuminuria, cytokines
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis: The Role of Inflammation
Volume: 17 Issue: 37
Author(s): Dimitris Tousoulis, Anna-Maria Kampoli, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Emmanuel Androulakis, Charalambos Antoniades, Konstantinos Toutouzas and Christodoulos Stefanadis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Inflammation, atherosclerosis, endothelium, biomarker, angiotensin, statins, antioxidants, low-density lipoproteins, microalbuminuria, cytokines
Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a disease of arteries and is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the build-up of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris within the intima of the vessel wall. A number of factors commonly characterized as “risk factors” for atherosclerosis have been identified to facilitate the development of atherosclerosis by decreasing NO bioavailability in the vascular endothelium. The serious clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis (including coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease) augment the need of performing the appropriate diagnostic methods to the patients. The most important diagnostic methods include the usage of biochemical markers and the invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques assessing endothelial function. The main drug categories that have been proved to ameliorate the inflammatory state in atherosclerosis are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptors blockers, statins, and antioxidants.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tousoulis Dimitris, Kampoli Anna-Maria, Papageorgiou Nikolaos, Androulakis Emmanuel, Antoniades Charalambos, Toutouzas Konstantinos and Stefanadis Christodoulos, Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis: The Role of Inflammation, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (37) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798764843
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798764843 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Role of Endogenous H2S in Cardiovascular Physiology
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Stem Cell Based Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: A Review Focusing on Adult Stem Cells
Current Tissue Engineering (Discontinued) The Role of C-Reactive Protein in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview
Current Vascular Pharmacology Early Life Programming of Obesity: The Impact of the Perinatal Environment on the Development of Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction in the Offspring.
Current Diabetes Reviews Leukocyte P2 Receptors: A Novel Target for Anti-inflammatory and Antitumor Therapy
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Pathogenesis of Neointima Formation Following Vascular Injury
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Senescence and Cell Death Pathways and Their Role in Cancer Therapeutic Outcome
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial Statins: [Hot Topic: Statins: Effects Beyond Cholesterol Lowering (Guest Editor: Garry X. Shen)]
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Pathophysiology of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: An Update
Current Pediatric Reviews Headache: One of the Most Common and Troublesome Adverse Reactions to Drugs
Current Drug Safety Efficacy and Safety of Evacetrapib for Modifying Plasma Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Current Pharmaceutical Design Modulation of Angiogenesis for Cancer Prevention: Strategies Based On Antioxidants and Copper Deficiency
Current Pharmaceutical Design Establishing Genomic/Transcriptomic Links Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Meta-Analysis Approach
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Levosimendan: From Basic Science to Clinical Trials
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Myocardial Infarction. Pathological Relevance and Relationship with Coronary Risk Factors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Endocannabinoid Receptor Antagonists and Other Emerging Pharmacological Strategies for Weight Reduction
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Early Vascular Ageing (EVA): Definitions and Clinical Applicability
Current Hypertension Reviews Blood Biomarkers in Cardioembolic Stroke
Current Cardiology Reviews Angiogenesis-regulating microRNAs and Ischemic Stroke
Current Vascular Pharmacology Atherogenic Versus Non-atherogenic Lipoprotein Profiles in Healthy Individuals. Is There a Need to Change Our Approach to Diagnosing Dyslipidemia?
Current Medicinal Chemistry