Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a critical DNA repair enzyme involved in DNA single-strand break repair via the base excision repair pathway. PARP inhibitors have been shown to sensitize tumors to DNA-damaging agents and to also selectively kill homologous recombination repair-defective cancers, such as those arising in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Recent proof-of-concept clinical studies have demonstrated the safety and substantial antitumor activity of the PARP inhibitor, olaparib in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, highlighting the wide therapeutic window that can be achieved with this synthetic lethal strategy. Likewise, the PARP inhibitor, BSI-201, in combination with carboplatin and gemcitabine have produced promising results in “triple-negative” breast cancers. There are also currently numerous other PARP inhibitors in clinical development. The potential broader therapeutic application of these approaches to a wide range of sporadic tumors harboring specific defects in the homologous recombination repair pathway has generated a great deal of excitement within the oncology community. This review discusses the rationale for targeting PARP and details the strategies and challenges involved in the clinical development of such inhibitors and their future potential applications in cancer medicine.
Keywords: BRCA1, BRCA2, homologous recombination, PARP inhibitors, synthetic lethality, cancer, Base Excision Repair, combination therapy, clinical trials, Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
Current Drug Targets
Title: The Emerging Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment
Volume: 12 Issue: 14
Author(s): Shahneen K. Sandhu, Timothy A. Yap and Johann S. de Bono
Affiliation:
Keywords: BRCA1, BRCA2, homologous recombination, PARP inhibitors, synthetic lethality, cancer, Base Excision Repair, combination therapy, clinical trials, Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
Abstract: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a critical DNA repair enzyme involved in DNA single-strand break repair via the base excision repair pathway. PARP inhibitors have been shown to sensitize tumors to DNA-damaging agents and to also selectively kill homologous recombination repair-defective cancers, such as those arising in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Recent proof-of-concept clinical studies have demonstrated the safety and substantial antitumor activity of the PARP inhibitor, olaparib in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, highlighting the wide therapeutic window that can be achieved with this synthetic lethal strategy. Likewise, the PARP inhibitor, BSI-201, in combination with carboplatin and gemcitabine have produced promising results in “triple-negative” breast cancers. There are also currently numerous other PARP inhibitors in clinical development. The potential broader therapeutic application of these approaches to a wide range of sporadic tumors harboring specific defects in the homologous recombination repair pathway has generated a great deal of excitement within the oncology community. This review discusses the rationale for targeting PARP and details the strategies and challenges involved in the clinical development of such inhibitors and their future potential applications in cancer medicine.
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Cite this article as:
K. Sandhu Shahneen, A. Yap Timothy and S. de Bono Johann, The Emerging Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment, Current Drug Targets 2011; 12 (14) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945011798829438
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945011798829438 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
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