Abstract
Cachexia is often associated with severe loss of skeletal muscle mass and a reduced energy metabolism. The maintenance of muscle mass can be generally regarded as a simple balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. Several evidences are available in the current literature favoring a model in which myofilaments are released from the sarcomere by the action of calciumactivated calpains followed by the degradation of the myofilaments by the ubiquitin proteasome system. The initiation of the protein breakdown machinery is regulated by several factors like inflammatory cytokines, angiotensin II, insulin / insulin like growth factor 1 and reactive oxygen species. These factors also have the capability to influence PGC-1alpha activity, thereby regulating mitochondrial energy production. All these molecular alterations regulating muscle mass and energy production in the skeletal muscle finally leads to a reduction in exercise capacity in cachexia.
Keywords: Ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS), muscle protein balance, exercise training, cachexia, mitochondria, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, atrophy, insulin, myostatin
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Muscle Metabolism and Exercise Capacity in Cachexia
Volume: 17 Issue: 35
Author(s): Volker Adams, Stefan D. Anker and Gerhard Schuler
Affiliation:
Keywords: Ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS), muscle protein balance, exercise training, cachexia, mitochondria, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, atrophy, insulin, myostatin
Abstract: Cachexia is often associated with severe loss of skeletal muscle mass and a reduced energy metabolism. The maintenance of muscle mass can be generally regarded as a simple balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. Several evidences are available in the current literature favoring a model in which myofilaments are released from the sarcomere by the action of calciumactivated calpains followed by the degradation of the myofilaments by the ubiquitin proteasome system. The initiation of the protein breakdown machinery is regulated by several factors like inflammatory cytokines, angiotensin II, insulin / insulin like growth factor 1 and reactive oxygen species. These factors also have the capability to influence PGC-1alpha activity, thereby regulating mitochondrial energy production. All these molecular alterations regulating muscle mass and energy production in the skeletal muscle finally leads to a reduction in exercise capacity in cachexia.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Adams Volker, D. Anker Stefan and Schuler Gerhard, Muscle Metabolism and Exercise Capacity in Cachexia, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (35) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798357746
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798357746 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Atherosclerotic Process in Seroreverter Children and Adolescents Exposed to Fetal Antiretroviral Therapy
Current HIV Research Brain Structural Effects of Psychopharmacological Treatment in Bipolar Disorder
Current Neuropharmacology The Metabolic Approach in Patients with Heart Failure: Effects on Left Ventricle Remodeling
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hydrogen Sulfide and its Modulation in Arterial Hypertension and Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Transgenic Mouse Models of Tauopathy in Drug Discovery
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Study of Male Sex Hormone Levels in Male Egyptian Children with Beta-Thalassemia: Correlation with Iron load
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of the Disease State, Current Therapeutics and their Molecular Mechanisms of Action
Current Medicinal Chemistry Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular System: From Bench to Bedside
Current Drug Therapy Restoration of Cardiomyocyte Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats after Treatment with Vanadate in a Tea Decoction
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Chest Pain in Children
Current Pediatric Reviews Neural Stem Cell Transplantation and CNS Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Update in Pharmacological Management of Coronary No-Reflow Phenomenon
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Heme Oxygenase-1: A Potential Antihypertensive Target?
Current Hypertension Reviews Targeting the Chemokines in Cardiac Repair
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cerebrospinal Fluid proNGF: A Putative Biomarker for Early Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research How to Measure Exercise Performance
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Role of Carbon Monoxide in Vascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Tissue Doppler Imaging in Coronary Heart Diseases and Heart Failure: An Up to Date
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Food Proteins: Biochemistry, Bioactivity and Production
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nitric Oxide Modulation as a Potential Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Protective Role of NaHS in Liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Current Molecular Pharmacology