Abstract
There is increasing evidence that statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, can effectively be used not only in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, but also in other human disorders; indeed, statins have strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, so that they can influence the onset and outcome of inflammation and autoimmunity. On the other hand, it has been shown that statins can affect growth and survival of solid tumour and leukemic cells, thus they have been proposed in the treatment of neoplasias as multiple myeloma, in association with drugs, as thalidomide, known to act on the cancer microenvironment.
In the current view, tumor microenvironment include many cell types that interact with tumor cells: among them, stromal and endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, the various types of lymphocytes such as NK cells, B and T cells. The interplay between all these cell populations, and the balance between these, determines whether there is a tumour cell growth promotion or inhibition.
In haematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic and myeloid leukemias and follicular lymphomas, the survival, drug-resistance and proliferation of leukemic cells have been shown to be largely dependent on a supportive microenvironment, so that some cellular components of it, mainly mesenchymal stromal cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and macrophages, are now proposed as targets of new therapies. Herein, we analyze the effects that statins can exert on cancer cells, stromal cells and human natural killer cells, to discuss whether they can be proposed as anti-cancer drugs.
Keywords: Statins, natural killer cells, tumor microenvironment, mesenchymal stromal cells, cholesterol inhibitors, bone marrow, 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl, coenzyme A reductase, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effects
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Modulating Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Function with Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors
Volume: 18 Issue: 34
Author(s): A. Poggi and M. R. Zocchi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Statins, natural killer cells, tumor microenvironment, mesenchymal stromal cells, cholesterol inhibitors, bone marrow, 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl, coenzyme A reductase, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effects
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, can effectively be used not only in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, but also in other human disorders; indeed, statins have strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, so that they can influence the onset and outcome of inflammation and autoimmunity. On the other hand, it has been shown that statins can affect growth and survival of solid tumour and leukemic cells, thus they have been proposed in the treatment of neoplasias as multiple myeloma, in association with drugs, as thalidomide, known to act on the cancer microenvironment.
In the current view, tumor microenvironment include many cell types that interact with tumor cells: among them, stromal and endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, the various types of lymphocytes such as NK cells, B and T cells. The interplay between all these cell populations, and the balance between these, determines whether there is a tumour cell growth promotion or inhibition.
In haematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic and myeloid leukemias and follicular lymphomas, the survival, drug-resistance and proliferation of leukemic cells have been shown to be largely dependent on a supportive microenvironment, so that some cellular components of it, mainly mesenchymal stromal cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and macrophages, are now proposed as targets of new therapies. Herein, we analyze the effects that statins can exert on cancer cells, stromal cells and human natural killer cells, to discuss whether they can be proposed as anti-cancer drugs.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Poggi A. and R. Zocchi M., Modulating Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Function with Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 18 (34) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711798184244
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711798184244 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Prophylaxis of Cancer
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews The Many Faces of Glutathione Transferase Pi
Current Molecular Medicine Recent Advances in Use of Topoisomerase Inhibitors in Combination Cancer Therapy
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Enhancement in Biological Activity of L-Asparginase by its Conjugation on Silica Nanoparticles
Recent Patents on Nanotechnology Regulation by IFN-α/IFN-γ Co-Formulation (HerberPAG<sup>®</sup>) of Genes Involved in Interferon-STAT-Pathways and Apoptosis in U87MG
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting the BH3 Domain of Bcl-2 Family Proteins. A Brief History From Natural Products to Foldamers As Promising Cancer Therapeutic Avenues
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nutlins and Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Contrast Enhanced Sonography for Diagnosis of (Peri-) Splenic Pathology
Current Medical Imaging Innate Immunity and the Heart
Current Pharmaceutical Design Advances in Cancer Stem Cell Therapy: Targets and Treatments
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Advances in Fish Cytokine Biology Give Clues to the Evolution of a Complex Network
Current Pharmaceutical Design 3-Nitro-Tyrosine as an Internal Quencher of Autofluorescence Enhances the Compatibility of Fluorescence Based Screening of OBOC Combinatorial Libraries
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Stem Cells in Brain Tumorigenesis and their Impact on Therapy
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy N6-Methyladenosine-Related RNA Signature Predicting the Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Hsp70 Molecular Chaperones: Emerging Roles in Human Disease and Identification of Small Molecule Modulators
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Designing Proteins That Work Using Recombinant Technologies
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes - Diagnosis and Management
Current Pharmaceutical Design The potential for circulating microRNAs in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction: a novel approach to disease diagnosis and treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Comparison of Physicochemical Property Profiles of Marketed Oral Drugs and Orally Bioavailable Anti-Cancer Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Clinical Development
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Research in Selective Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Inhibitors for Anti-Cancer Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry