Abstract
This review highlights the application of sulfated, molybdated and tungstated zirconia solid acid catalysts, and their modified forms for variety of organic synthesis and transformation reactions in the liquid phase. Most of these catalysts offer significant improvements in various organic reactions with regard to the yield of products, simplicity in the operation, reusability of the catalysts and green features by avoiding toxic conventional catalysts. Preparation of various zirconia-based solid acid catalysts has been briefly described. Characterization of these catalysts by different techniques has also been presented. Most of these catalysts are highly promising for numerous organic reactions in the liquid phase which include condensation, isomerization, esterification and transesterification, muticomponent reactions and so on.
Keywords: Superacid, Sulfated zirconia, Molybdated zirconia, Tungstated zirconia, Tetragonal phase, Organic synthesis, Solvent-free, Zirconia-Based, Solid Acids, Heterogeneous Catalysts, chemical industry, liquid acids, Lewis acids, heteropolyacids
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
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Carbohydrates conversion in biofuels and bioproducts
Biomass pretreatment, hydrolysis, and saccharification of carbohydrates, and sugars bioconversion in biofuels and bioproducts within a biorefinery framework. Carbohydrates derived from woody biomass, agricultural wastes, algae, sewage sludge, or any other lignocellulosic feedstock are included in this issue. Simulation, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis of a biorefinery process are ...read more
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