Abstract
Aim: The goal of this study was to assess the effect of dark chocolate intake on cardiovascular parameters like blood pressure and heart rate values in a normotensive population. Subjects and methods: This is a randomized crosssectional study involving a total of 14,310 adults that were selected from various regions of Jordan. Well-trained pharmacy students interviewed participants in the outpatient settings. Participants reported their weekly intake of dark chocolate that has been further classified into mild (1-2 bars/week), moderate (3-4 bars/week), and high intake ( > 4 bars/week). For each participant, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate were measured three times with (10-15) minute intervals in the sitting position and the resting state. The arterial blood pressure (ABP) was calculated from the measured SBP and DBP values. Results: All measured blood pressure values were significantly decreased for participants who reported higher dark chocolate consumption. Our results showed that heart rate values were not affected by variable intake of dark chocolate. In addition, increasing dark chocolate intake was associated with a significant decrease of blood pressure values in participants irrespective of the family history of hypertension or the age of the individual. However, heart rate values were unaffected. Conclusion: Higher intake of dark chocolate can be associated with lower values of blood pressure, while its effect on heart rate values was not consistent.
Keywords: Dark chocolate, blood pressure, heart rate, flavonoids, Jordan, Vasodilation, Chocolate, Hypertension, Research Design, Middle East, Randomized Trial, Cardiovascular Disease, Population focus
Current Drug Delivery
Title: Dark Chocolate and Blood Pressure: A Novel Study from Jordan
Volume: 8 Issue: 6
Author(s): Saafan A. Al-Safi, Nehad M. Ayoub, Imad Al-Doghim and Faisal H. Aboul-Enein
Affiliation:
Keywords: Dark chocolate, blood pressure, heart rate, flavonoids, Jordan, Vasodilation, Chocolate, Hypertension, Research Design, Middle East, Randomized Trial, Cardiovascular Disease, Population focus
Abstract: Aim: The goal of this study was to assess the effect of dark chocolate intake on cardiovascular parameters like blood pressure and heart rate values in a normotensive population. Subjects and methods: This is a randomized crosssectional study involving a total of 14,310 adults that were selected from various regions of Jordan. Well-trained pharmacy students interviewed participants in the outpatient settings. Participants reported their weekly intake of dark chocolate that has been further classified into mild (1-2 bars/week), moderate (3-4 bars/week), and high intake ( > 4 bars/week). For each participant, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate were measured three times with (10-15) minute intervals in the sitting position and the resting state. The arterial blood pressure (ABP) was calculated from the measured SBP and DBP values. Results: All measured blood pressure values were significantly decreased for participants who reported higher dark chocolate consumption. Our results showed that heart rate values were not affected by variable intake of dark chocolate. In addition, increasing dark chocolate intake was associated with a significant decrease of blood pressure values in participants irrespective of the family history of hypertension or the age of the individual. However, heart rate values were unaffected. Conclusion: Higher intake of dark chocolate can be associated with lower values of blood pressure, while its effect on heart rate values was not consistent.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
A. Al-Safi Saafan, M. Ayoub Nehad, Al-Doghim Imad and H. Aboul-Enein Faisal, Dark Chocolate and Blood Pressure: A Novel Study from Jordan, Current Drug Delivery 2011; 8 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720111797635496
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720111797635496 |
Print ISSN 1567-2018 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5704 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of natural products, bio-actives and novel drug delivery system against emerging viral infections
Due to the increasing prevalence of viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compounds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable ...read more
Electrospun Fibers as Drug Delivery Systems
In recent years, electrospun fibers have attracted considerable attention as potential platforms for drug delivery due to their distinctive properties and adaptability. These fibers feature a notable surface area-to-volume ratio and can be intentionally designed with high porosity, facilitating an increased capacity for drug loading and rendering them suitable for ...read more
Emerging Nanotherapeutics for Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) present a significant hurdle due to limited access of both treatments and diagnostic tools for the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier, restricting the passage of molecules from the bloodstream into the brain. The most formidable challenge facing scientists is ...read more
Nanotechnology Based Chemotherapy for the treatment of Head & Neck Cancer
The escalating recurrence rates observed in Head and Neck cancer, particularly within the chemo-therapeutically treated cohort (50-60%), can be attributed to the non-selective nature of current anticancer drug delivery modalities. In this context, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems emerge as a promising avenue for achieving precise localization of therapeutic agents to ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Subject Index To Volume 4
Current HIV Research CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticle Mediated Method for the Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles from (E)-Aldoximes
Letters in Organic Chemistry Low-Dose Aspirin-Associated Upper and Mid Gastrointestinal Tract Damage and Gene Polymorphism
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial (Thematic Issue: Modifying Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Current Opinion and Future Trends)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Catecholaminergic Strategies for the Treatment of Major Depression
Current Drug Targets Spreading Depolarization Waves in Neurological Diseases: A Short Review about its Pathophysiology and Clinical Relevance
Current Neuropharmacology Neonatal Brain Hemorrhage (NBH) of Prematurity: Translational Mechanisms of the Vascular-Neural Network
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Host Factors to Circumvent Anti-Malarial Drug Resistance
Current Pharmaceutical Design Diabetic Neuropathy: Update on Pathophysiological Mechanism and the Possible Involvement of Glutamate Pathways
Current Diabetes Reviews The Adult Patient with Eisenmenger Syndrome: A Medical Update after Dana Point Part III: Specific Management and Surgical Aspects
Current Cardiology Reviews Exploring the Potential of NO-Independent Stimulators and Activators of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase for the Medical Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Schistosoma mansoni Changes the Activity of Phase II Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: Role of Praziquantel as Antibilharzial Drug
Drug Metabolism Letters Hypertension and Compliance to Treatment in the Primary Care Setting: Key Issues from the Literature Review
Current Hypertension Reviews The Vasoactive Role of Nitric Oxide: Physiological and Morphological Aspects
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Potential Options to Treat Hypertriglyceridaemia
Current Drug Targets Invited Editorial: MERS-CoV An Emerging Viral Zoonotic Disease: Three Years After and Counting
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery New Approaches in the Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Pharmacologically Targeting the Primary Defect and Downstream Pathology in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Current Gene Therapy Aspirin and Other Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: State of the Art, Barriers and Perspectives
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3-(substitutedphenyl)- 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued)