Abstract
Obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance/type 2 diabetes and hypertension are clustered in the metabolic syndrome representing critical risk factors for increased incidence cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases, kidney failure and cancer. Ectopic fat accumulation, i.e., accumulation in the mediastinum, liver and the abdomen, as well as generalized fat accumulation are associated with arterial hypertension, either systolic or diastolic. Several mechanisms including insulin resistance, sub-inflammatory state, increased Renin- Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) system activity, oxidative stress, autonomic dysregulation as well as mechanical compression on the kidneys are all activated by obesity. Interestingly angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II (ATII) receptor blockers, while correcting arterial hypertension, also have a positive effect on glucose metabolism and diabetes prevention, in high risk patients. The implementation of dietary, medical and surgical strategies to prevent and treat obesity, are cornerstones for the primary prevention as well as treatment of arterial hypertension.
Keywords: Visceral fat, epicardial fat, hepatic fat, perivascular fat, pancreatic fat, metabolic syndrome, blood pressure, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), sodium retention, oxidative stress
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Ectopic Fat Storage, Insulin Resistance, and Hypertension
Volume: 17 Issue: 28
Author(s): Anna Maria Sironi, Rosa Sicari, Franco Folli and Amalia Gastaldelli
Affiliation:
Keywords: Visceral fat, epicardial fat, hepatic fat, perivascular fat, pancreatic fat, metabolic syndrome, blood pressure, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), sodium retention, oxidative stress
Abstract: Obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance/type 2 diabetes and hypertension are clustered in the metabolic syndrome representing critical risk factors for increased incidence cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases, kidney failure and cancer. Ectopic fat accumulation, i.e., accumulation in the mediastinum, liver and the abdomen, as well as generalized fat accumulation are associated with arterial hypertension, either systolic or diastolic. Several mechanisms including insulin resistance, sub-inflammatory state, increased Renin- Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) system activity, oxidative stress, autonomic dysregulation as well as mechanical compression on the kidneys are all activated by obesity. Interestingly angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II (ATII) receptor blockers, while correcting arterial hypertension, also have a positive effect on glucose metabolism and diabetes prevention, in high risk patients. The implementation of dietary, medical and surgical strategies to prevent and treat obesity, are cornerstones for the primary prevention as well as treatment of arterial hypertension.
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Cite this article as:
Maria Sironi Anna, Sicari Rosa, Folli Franco and Gastaldelli Amalia, Ectopic Fat Storage, Insulin Resistance, and Hypertension, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (28) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798157720
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798157720 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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