Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is evolving globally at an alarming rate. This fact is mainly the result of our global lifestyle “modernization” that has resulted in overweight and obesity. Dysfunction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, while a reduce expression of many PPAR-γ regulated genes has been observed in an obese diabetic state. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent exogenous agonists of PPAR-γ, which augment the effects of insulin to its cellular targets and mainly at the level of adipose tissue. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that apart from their glucose-lowering activity, these drugs also regulate the production of inflammatory mediators by cells that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This paper summarizes the evolving changes observed in an enlarged adipose tissue and examines the activity of TZDs in their main cellular targets. It also discusses whether these cellular pleiotropic effects can result in a clinically meaningful outcome, in terms of cardiovascular benefit, in this population.
Keywords: Adipose tissue, Cardiovascular risk, Peroxisome, Proliferator activated receptor-gamma, Piolitazone, Rosiglitazone, Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), Obesity, Pioglitazone
Current Drug Targets
Title: Thiazolidinediones and Type 2 Diabetes: From Cellular Targets to Cardiovascular Benefit
Volume: 12 Issue: 10
Author(s): Georgios S. Papaetis, Dora Orphanidou and Themistoklis N. Panagiotou
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adipose tissue, Cardiovascular risk, Peroxisome, Proliferator activated receptor-gamma, Piolitazone, Rosiglitazone, Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), Obesity, Pioglitazone
Abstract: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is evolving globally at an alarming rate. This fact is mainly the result of our global lifestyle “modernization” that has resulted in overweight and obesity. Dysfunction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, while a reduce expression of many PPAR-γ regulated genes has been observed in an obese diabetic state. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent exogenous agonists of PPAR-γ, which augment the effects of insulin to its cellular targets and mainly at the level of adipose tissue. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that apart from their glucose-lowering activity, these drugs also regulate the production of inflammatory mediators by cells that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This paper summarizes the evolving changes observed in an enlarged adipose tissue and examines the activity of TZDs in their main cellular targets. It also discusses whether these cellular pleiotropic effects can result in a clinically meaningful outcome, in terms of cardiovascular benefit, in this population.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
S. Papaetis Georgios, Orphanidou Dora and N. Panagiotou Themistoklis, Thiazolidinediones and Type 2 Diabetes: From Cellular Targets to Cardiovascular Benefit, Current Drug Targets 2011; 12 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945011796818243
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945011796818243 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New drug therapy for eye diseases
Eyesight is one of the most critical senses, accounting for over 80% of our perceptions. Our quality of life might be significantly affected by eye disease, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, etc. Although the development of microinvasive ocular surgery reduces surgical complications and improves overall outcomes, medication therapy is ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Nutrient Content of Lettuce and its Improvement
Current Nutrition & Food Science Antithrombotic Therapy After TAVR
Current Vascular Pharmacology Endocytosis, Intracellular Traffic and Fate of Cell Penetrating Peptide Based Conjugates and Nanoparticles
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biological Activities of Quinoline Derivatives
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Are Cerebrovascular White Matter Lesions an Early Sign of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Dementia?
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Impact of Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics and their Relevance Upon Traditional Medicine-based Cardiovascular Drug Research
Current Drug Metabolism Historical Aspects and Relevance of the Human Coronary Collateral Circulation
Current Cardiology Reviews Pharmacological and Biological Activities of Xanthones
Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry DYRK1A: A Potential Drug Target for Multiple Down Syndrome Neuropathologies
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Energy Expenditure of Hunter-Gatherers: When Statistics Turns to be Unreliable
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Use of Chou’s 5-steps Rule to Study the Effect of Cereal Dietary Protein on Liver and Coronary Heart Disease Prevention
Current Nutrition & Food Science Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Current Clinical Pharmacology Can Untargeted Metabolomics Be Utilized in Drug Discovery/Development?
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry p66 Shc as the Engine of Vascular Aging
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Chrysin: A Narrative Review on Experimental Researches
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Sirolimus and its Analogs and its Effects on Vascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Insights from Exercise-induced Cardioprotection-from Clinical Application to Basic Research
Current Pharmaceutical Design Modulation of Platelet Function and Signaling by Flavonoids
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Dyslipidemia as a Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors – A Review on Pharmacology, Metabolism and Side Effects
Current Drug Metabolism