Abstract
There is growing research focusing on the sleep problems of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in recent years. High incidence of sleep disorders in children with ADHD may be associated with a substantial impact on their quality of life and exacerbation of ADHD symptoms. The core symptoms of ADHD can be effectively treated by various medications, including methylphenidate (MPH), amphetamine, pemoline, and the newly FDA-approved extended-release α2 adrenergic agonists. However, most of them are known to affect patients' sleep because of their pharmacological actions on dopaminergic and/or noradrenergic release in the central nervous system. Previous studies have found increased incidence of insomnia and sleep disturbances in ADHD children treated with CNS (central nervous system) stimulants. In contrast, recent prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials concluded that MPH, by objective polysomnographic or actigraphic measurements, did not cause significant sleep problems in children or adolescents with ADHD. Given the fact that sleep quality and core symptoms of ADHD are highly correlated, it is imperative that we understand the effects of ADHD medications on sleep while prescribing either CNS stimulants or non-CNS stimulants. Here we will concisely review the pharmacological treatments of ADHD, and provide the relevant data discussing their short- and long-term effects on sleep.
Keywords: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep, medication, comorbidity, stimulants, hyperactivity, exacerbation, methylphenidate, amphetamine, pemoline, noradrenergic, actigraphic, adolescents, pharmacokinetics, guanfacine, clonidine, latencies, psychiatric, nortriptyline
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD and the Short and Long Term Effects on Sleep
Volume: 17 Issue: 15
Author(s): Yu-Shu Huang, Ming-Horng Tsai and Christian Guilleminault
Affiliation:
Keywords: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep, medication, comorbidity, stimulants, hyperactivity, exacerbation, methylphenidate, amphetamine, pemoline, noradrenergic, actigraphic, adolescents, pharmacokinetics, guanfacine, clonidine, latencies, psychiatric, nortriptyline
Abstract: There is growing research focusing on the sleep problems of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in recent years. High incidence of sleep disorders in children with ADHD may be associated with a substantial impact on their quality of life and exacerbation of ADHD symptoms. The core symptoms of ADHD can be effectively treated by various medications, including methylphenidate (MPH), amphetamine, pemoline, and the newly FDA-approved extended-release α2 adrenergic agonists. However, most of them are known to affect patients' sleep because of their pharmacological actions on dopaminergic and/or noradrenergic release in the central nervous system. Previous studies have found increased incidence of insomnia and sleep disturbances in ADHD children treated with CNS (central nervous system) stimulants. In contrast, recent prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials concluded that MPH, by objective polysomnographic or actigraphic measurements, did not cause significant sleep problems in children or adolescents with ADHD. Given the fact that sleep quality and core symptoms of ADHD are highly correlated, it is imperative that we understand the effects of ADHD medications on sleep while prescribing either CNS stimulants or non-CNS stimulants. Here we will concisely review the pharmacological treatments of ADHD, and provide the relevant data discussing their short- and long-term effects on sleep.
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Cite this article as:
Huang Yu-Shu, Tsai Ming-Horng and Guilleminault Christian, Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD and the Short and Long Term Effects on Sleep, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211796197179
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211796197179 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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