Abstract
The IDO pathway is implicated in a number of settings which lead to acquired peripheral tolerance. One such setting may be the functional tolerance displayed by tumor-bearing hosts toward tumor-associated antigens. Foxp3+ Tregs are now recognized as a major contributor to tumor-induced immune suppression and functional tolerance. Emerging evidence links the IDO pathway with Treg biology at several points. The first is the ability of IDO-expressing DCs to drive the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells toward a Foxp3+ (inducible Treg) phenotype. The second link is the ability of IDO-expressing DCs to directly activate mature, pre-existing Tregs for markedly enhanced suppression of target cells. And the third link is the ability of IDO to prevent the inflammation-induced conversion (“reprogramming”) of Tregs into pro-inflammatory T-helper-like cells in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that IDO may represent an important regulatory checkpoint influencing Treg activity: both by stabilizing and augmenting the suppressive phenotype, and by preventing Treg reprogramming into non-suppressive helper-like cells.
Keywords: Regulatory T cells, Foxp3, IDO, dendritic cells, tumor immunology, peripheral tolerance, tumor-induced immune suppression, Treg biology, CD4+ T cells, inducible Treg
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, Tregs and Cancer
Volume: 18 Issue: 15
Author(s): D. H. Munn
Affiliation:
Keywords: Regulatory T cells, Foxp3, IDO, dendritic cells, tumor immunology, peripheral tolerance, tumor-induced immune suppression, Treg biology, CD4+ T cells, inducible Treg
Abstract: The IDO pathway is implicated in a number of settings which lead to acquired peripheral tolerance. One such setting may be the functional tolerance displayed by tumor-bearing hosts toward tumor-associated antigens. Foxp3+ Tregs are now recognized as a major contributor to tumor-induced immune suppression and functional tolerance. Emerging evidence links the IDO pathway with Treg biology at several points. The first is the ability of IDO-expressing DCs to drive the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells toward a Foxp3+ (inducible Treg) phenotype. The second link is the ability of IDO-expressing DCs to directly activate mature, pre-existing Tregs for markedly enhanced suppression of target cells. And the third link is the ability of IDO to prevent the inflammation-induced conversion (“reprogramming”) of Tregs into pro-inflammatory T-helper-like cells in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that IDO may represent an important regulatory checkpoint influencing Treg activity: both by stabilizing and augmenting the suppressive phenotype, and by preventing Treg reprogramming into non-suppressive helper-like cells.
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Cite this article as:
H. Munn D., Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, Tregs and Cancer, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 18 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711795656045
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711795656045 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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