Abstract
FOXP3 is essential for the development and function of regulatory CD4+CD25hi T (Treg) cells. However, recent evidence suggests that FOXP3 alone is not sufficient to completely explain the regulatory phenotype of these key players in autoimmunity and inflammation: after being activated, conventional human CD4+ T cells transiently up-regulate FOXP3 without acquiring a regulatory function. Researchers have recently found that glycoprotein A repetitions predominantly (GARP, or LRRC32) is a Treg-specific receptor that binds latent TGF-β and dominantly controls FOXP3 and the regulatory phenotype via a positive feedback loop. This finding provides a missing link in our molecular understanding of FOXP3 in Treg cells. This viewpoint focuses on GARP as safeguard of FOXP3 and the regulatory phenotype.
Keywords: Regulatory T cells, FOXP3, GARP, TGF-β, LAP, positive feedback
Current Molecular Medicine
Title: FOXP3: Required but Not Sufficient. The Role of GARP (LRRC32) as a Safeguard of the Regulatory Phenotype
Volume: 10 Issue: 6
Author(s): M. Probst-Kepper, R. Balling and J. Buer
Affiliation:
Keywords: Regulatory T cells, FOXP3, GARP, TGF-β, LAP, positive feedback
Abstract: FOXP3 is essential for the development and function of regulatory CD4+CD25hi T (Treg) cells. However, recent evidence suggests that FOXP3 alone is not sufficient to completely explain the regulatory phenotype of these key players in autoimmunity and inflammation: after being activated, conventional human CD4+ T cells transiently up-regulate FOXP3 without acquiring a regulatory function. Researchers have recently found that glycoprotein A repetitions predominantly (GARP, or LRRC32) is a Treg-specific receptor that binds latent TGF-β and dominantly controls FOXP3 and the regulatory phenotype via a positive feedback loop. This finding provides a missing link in our molecular understanding of FOXP3 in Treg cells. This viewpoint focuses on GARP as safeguard of FOXP3 and the regulatory phenotype.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Probst-Kepper M., Balling R. and Buer J., FOXP3: Required but Not Sufficient. The Role of GARP (LRRC32) as a Safeguard of the Regulatory Phenotype, Current Molecular Medicine 2010; 10 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524011009060533
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524011009060533 |
Print ISSN 1566-5240 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5666 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Antimicrobial Activity of Diazenyl Derivatives: An Update
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Dendritic Cells and Immunomodulation: Role in Health and Disease
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Novel Spiro/non-Spiro Pyranopyrazoles: Eco-Friendly Synthesis, In-vitro Anticancer Activity, DNA Binding, and In-silico Docking Studies
Current Bioactive Compounds Natural Antioxidants in Wheat Sprout Extracts
Current Organic Chemistry Liver Stem Cells: From Preface to Advancements
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Anticancer Effects of Ginsenoside Rh2: A Systematic Review
Current Molecular Pharmacology Natural Compounds in Anti-Leukaemic Therapy: A Review
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Low Grade Inflammation as a Common Pathogenetic Denominator in Age-Related Diseases: Novel Drug Targets for Anti-Ageing Strategies and Successful Ageing Achievement
Current Pharmaceutical Design Evaluation of Salivary Melatonin Levels in HIV-positive Patients: A Historical Cohort Study
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Exploration of Medicinal Plants as Sources of Novel Anticandidal Drugs
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Liver-Enriched Transcription Factors and Their Role in Regulating UDP Glucuronosyltransferase Gene Expression
Current Drug Metabolism Do Epigenetic Pathways Initiate Late Onset Alzheimer Disease (LOAD): Towards a New Paradigm
Current Alzheimer Research Antiviral Properties of Food Plants could help to Reduce Contagion and Severity in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Current Traditional Medicine Regulation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment by Sphingolipids and Lysophosphatidic Acid
Current Drug Targets Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of Organoselenium <i>trans</i>-Palladium(II) Complexes
Medicinal Chemistry Three-Dimensional Structural Analysis of the Binding Site of Two Inhibitors, Nervonic Acid and Lithocholic Acid, of DNA Polymerase β and DNA Topoisomerase II
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design Therapeutic Genes for Anti-HIV/AIDS Gene Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Novel Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Mechanism Provides the Patented Platform for Important Rejuvenation Therapies: Targeted Therapy of Telomere Attrition and Lifestyle Changes of Telomerase Activity with the Timing of Neuron-Specific Imidazole-Containing Dipeptide-Dominant Pharmaconutrition Provision
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) and the Mechanism of Action of Bortezomib
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Network of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells in the Lymph Node:Functional Framework for Immune Surveillance
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued)