Abstract
Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide hormone secreted into the systemic circulation predominantly by the X/A-like cells in the mucosa of the stomach. In addiction to central effects on food intake and growth hormone release, ghrelin has also important vascular and metabolic actions. Our laboratory has shown that administration of exogenous ghrelin acutely improves endothelial function by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and normalizing the alterate balance between endothelin 1/nitric oxide (ET-1/NO) within the vasculature of individuals with metabolic syndrome. Additionally, in endothelial cell cultures, it has been shown that ghrelin directly stimulates NO production using a signaling pathway that involves GHSR-1a, PI 3-kinase, Akt, and eNOS. Other cardiovascular effects of ghrelin include lowering of peripheral resistance, improvement of contractility and cardiac output. In addition ghrelin plays a significant role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles and body composition. Importantly, ghrelin has antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects both in vivo and in vitro. This review focuses on the physiological roles of ghrelin in regulating metabolic and endothelial function and on the potential of ghrelin as the therapeutic target to treat metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
Keywords: Ghrelin, Endothelial function, Cardiovascular, Metabolic disorders
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of Ghrelin
Volume: 6 Issue: 4
Author(s): Manfredi Tesauro, Francesca Schinzari, Miriam Caramanti, Renato Lauro and Carmine Cardillo
Affiliation:
Keywords: Ghrelin, Endothelial function, Cardiovascular, Metabolic disorders
Abstract: Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide hormone secreted into the systemic circulation predominantly by the X/A-like cells in the mucosa of the stomach. In addiction to central effects on food intake and growth hormone release, ghrelin has also important vascular and metabolic actions. Our laboratory has shown that administration of exogenous ghrelin acutely improves endothelial function by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and normalizing the alterate balance between endothelin 1/nitric oxide (ET-1/NO) within the vasculature of individuals with metabolic syndrome. Additionally, in endothelial cell cultures, it has been shown that ghrelin directly stimulates NO production using a signaling pathway that involves GHSR-1a, PI 3-kinase, Akt, and eNOS. Other cardiovascular effects of ghrelin include lowering of peripheral resistance, improvement of contractility and cardiac output. In addition ghrelin plays a significant role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles and body composition. Importantly, ghrelin has antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects both in vivo and in vitro. This review focuses on the physiological roles of ghrelin in regulating metabolic and endothelial function and on the potential of ghrelin as the therapeutic target to treat metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
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Cite this article as:
Tesauro Manfredi, Schinzari Francesca, Caramanti Miriam, Lauro Renato and Cardillo Carmine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of Ghrelin, Current Diabetes Reviews 2010; 6 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339910791658871
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339910791658871 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
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