Abstract
Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC; EC 2.1.3.3) is a one-carbon-unit transferring enzyme that synthesizes citrulline using ornithine and carbamoylphosphate as substrates. It is involved in the metabolic transformation of arginine and proline, and it participates in the urea cycle in vertebrates and in the formation of putrescine in plants. Its enzymatic reaction is consistent with a ping-pong mechanism. OTC is expressed in a large variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals. Its gene can be regulated by glucocorticoids and other transcriptional factors such as C/EBP and HNF-4. The functional enzyme exists mostly as a trimer with an approximate molecular weight of 38 kDa. Inborn errors associated with a deficiency of OTC activity cause mainly urea cycle-related disorders, and lead to hyperammonemic states that may become lethal. In humans and experimental animals, OTC is localized in the mitochondrial matrix, mainly in the liver, but it is also in the intestinal epithelial cells. Some states of hepatotoxicity are associated with hepatocyte disruption and release of OTC into the bloodstream. However, recent evidence suggests that during active cell proliferation (e.g., during liver regeneration), OTC is also released from the hepatic tissue but without apparent damage. In this situation, extracellular and circulating hepatic OTC could be playing a different role, possibly functioning as a signaling molecule.
Keywords: Liver, mitochondria, circulating OTC, protein structure, enzymatic reaction, signaling molecule
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Molecular and Biochemical Features of the Mitochondrial Enzyme Ornithine Transcarbamylase: A Possible New Role as a Signaling Factor
Volume: 17 Issue: 21
Author(s): Mauricio Diaz-Munoz and Rolando Hernandez-Munoz
Affiliation:
Keywords: Liver, mitochondria, circulating OTC, protein structure, enzymatic reaction, signaling molecule
Abstract: Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC; EC 2.1.3.3) is a one-carbon-unit transferring enzyme that synthesizes citrulline using ornithine and carbamoylphosphate as substrates. It is involved in the metabolic transformation of arginine and proline, and it participates in the urea cycle in vertebrates and in the formation of putrescine in plants. Its enzymatic reaction is consistent with a ping-pong mechanism. OTC is expressed in a large variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals. Its gene can be regulated by glucocorticoids and other transcriptional factors such as C/EBP and HNF-4. The functional enzyme exists mostly as a trimer with an approximate molecular weight of 38 kDa. Inborn errors associated with a deficiency of OTC activity cause mainly urea cycle-related disorders, and lead to hyperammonemic states that may become lethal. In humans and experimental animals, OTC is localized in the mitochondrial matrix, mainly in the liver, but it is also in the intestinal epithelial cells. Some states of hepatotoxicity are associated with hepatocyte disruption and release of OTC into the bloodstream. However, recent evidence suggests that during active cell proliferation (e.g., during liver regeneration), OTC is also released from the hepatic tissue but without apparent damage. In this situation, extracellular and circulating hepatic OTC could be playing a different role, possibly functioning as a signaling molecule.
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Cite this article as:
Diaz-Munoz Mauricio and Hernandez-Munoz Rolando, Molecular and Biochemical Features of the Mitochondrial Enzyme Ornithine Transcarbamylase: A Possible New Role as a Signaling Factor, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2010; 17 (21) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986710791331031
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986710791331031 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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