Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy has been the major treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and has shown to prolong life. However, remissions are temporary and patients almost inevitably progress to become castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CRPC is almost incurable even when treated with docetaxel that may have a slight life prolonging effect on CRPC patients. Interestingly, most of CRPC still express androgen receptor (AR) and depend on the AR for growth. Recently it has been suggested that AR may act as a tumor suppressor in normal prostatic epithelial cells, while in PCa cells AR becomes oncogenic, even under androgen deprivation states. The mechanisms for the latter are still under intensive investigations. A number of studies showed that, in fact, AR signaling is increased under an androgen-depleted environment. The mechanisms suggested in these studies including AR mutations, AR overexpression by gene amplification and other mechanisms that allow activation by low androgen levels or by other endogenous steroids, increased local de novo synthesis of androgens will be discussed. Moreover, developments and tests in clinical trials in CRPC of a number of novel agents interrupting AR signaling mediated PCa growth will also be discussed.
Keywords: Androgen receptor, prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title: Recent Advances in Understanding Hormonal Therapy Resistant Prostate Cancer
Volume: 10 Issue: 4
Author(s): K.V. Donkena, H. Yuan and C.Y. Young
Affiliation:
Keywords: Androgen receptor, prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer
Abstract: Androgen deprivation therapy has been the major treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and has shown to prolong life. However, remissions are temporary and patients almost inevitably progress to become castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CRPC is almost incurable even when treated with docetaxel that may have a slight life prolonging effect on CRPC patients. Interestingly, most of CRPC still express androgen receptor (AR) and depend on the AR for growth. Recently it has been suggested that AR may act as a tumor suppressor in normal prostatic epithelial cells, while in PCa cells AR becomes oncogenic, even under androgen deprivation states. The mechanisms for the latter are still under intensive investigations. A number of studies showed that, in fact, AR signaling is increased under an androgen-depleted environment. The mechanisms suggested in these studies including AR mutations, AR overexpression by gene amplification and other mechanisms that allow activation by low androgen levels or by other endogenous steroids, increased local de novo synthesis of androgens will be discussed. Moreover, developments and tests in clinical trials in CRPC of a number of novel agents interrupting AR signaling mediated PCa growth will also be discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Donkena K.V., Yuan H. and Young C.Y., Recent Advances in Understanding Hormonal Therapy Resistant Prostate Cancer, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2010; 10 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800910791208544
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800910791208544 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Cancer Biomarkers and Potential Drug Targets: From Diagnosis to Therapy
Cancer biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. They provide valuable information for cancer detection, risk assessment, treatment selection, and monitoring response to therapy. With advancements in molecular biology and high-throughput technologies, there has been an increasing interest in identifying and characterizing cancer biomarkers ...read more
Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Target Drug Resistant Tumors
With the development of disciplines such as chemical biology and molecular biology, the genes or proteins closely related to tumor occurrence and development have gradually become clear. Targeted therapies targeting these genes or proteins provide more effective methods for tumor treatment. Tumor targeted drugs generally only act on specific targets ...read more
ROLE OF IMMUNE AND GENOTOXIC RESPONSE BIOMARKERS IN TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Biological biomarkers have been used in medical research as an indicator of a normal or abnormal process inside the body, or of a disease. Nowadays, various researchers are in process to explore and investigate the biological markers for the early assessment of cancer. DNA Damage response (DDR) pathways and immune ...read more
Targeting the battlefield between host and tumor: basic research and clinical practice on reshaping tumor immune microenvironment
Immune system protects host against malignant tumors through effector cells and molecules. Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses cancer progression. Chronic inflammation facilitates cancer progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often lead to anti-cancer immune responses. ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Oleuropein Mediated Targeting of Signaling Network in Cancer
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Microarray Technologies for Intracellular Kinome Analysis
Current Medicinal Chemistry An Overview on Applications of Gold Nanoparticle for Early Diagnosis and Targeted Drug Delivery to Prostate Cancer
Recent Patents on Nanotechnology Anti-Cancer Drug Design Using Natural and Synthetic Pharmacophores
Current Organic Chemistry Comprehensive Analysis Reveals GPRIN1 is a Potential Biomarker for Non-sm all Cell Lung Cancer
Current Bioinformatics Image Guided Biopsy of Musculoskeletal Lesions with Low Diagnostic Yield
Current Medical Imaging Cancer Immunotherapy: Battling Tumors with Gene Vaccines
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents A Concise Review of Current Radiopharmaceuticals in Tumor Angiogenesis Imaging
Current Pharmaceutical Design 7-O-aminoalkyl-2,3-dehydrosilibinins: Synthesis and in vitro Anti-cancer Efficacy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Tumor Growth-Promoting Properties of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cordycepin in Anticancer Research: Molecular Mechanism of Therapeutic Effects
Current Medicinal Chemistry Chloride Channels − New Targets for the Prevention of Stroke
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Rational Design of Anticancer Platinum Complexes: The Importance of the Structure-Activity Relationship
Current Medicinal Chemistry Withdrawal Notice: Application of Nanomaterials in Development of Electrochemical Sensors and Drug Delivery Systems for Anticancer Drugs
Current Drug Delivery Targeting Kruppel-Like Factor 5 (KLF5) for Cancer Therapy
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Antithrombin, an Important Inhibitor in Blood Clots
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Novel HSP90 Inhibitor NVP-AUY922 Enhances the Anti-tumor Effect of Temsirolimus Against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Current Cancer Drug Targets Molecular Mechanism of Deguelin in Anti-tumor Effect
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Modulation of Angiogenesis for Cancer Prevention: Strategies Based On Antioxidants and Copper Deficiency
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Leptin System: A Potential Target for Sepsis Induced Immune Suppression
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets