Abstract
Endocrine beta cells produce and release insulin in order to tightly regulate glucose homeostasis and prevent metabolic pathologies such as Diabetes Mellitus. Optical imaging has contributed greatly to our current understanding of beta cell structure and function. In vitro microscopy of beta cell lines has revealed the localization of molecular components in the cell and more recently their dynamic behavior. In cultured islets, interactions of beta cells with other islet cells and the matrix as well as paracrine and autocrine signaling or reaction to nutrients have been studied. Lastly, microscopy has been performed on tissue sections, visualizing the islets in an environment closer to their natural surroundings. In most efforts to date, the samples have been isolated for investigation and hence have by definition been divorced from their natural environments and deprived of vascularization and innervations. In such a setting the beta cells lack the metabolic information that is primordial to their basic function of maintaining glucose homeostasis. We review optical microscopy; its general principles, its impact in decoding beta cell function and its recent developments towards the more physiologically relevant assessment of beta cell function within the environment of the whole organism. This requires both large imaging depth and fast acquisition times. Only few methods can achieve an adequate compromise. We present extended focus Optical Coherence Microscopy (xfOCM) as a valuable alternative to both confocal microscopy and two photon microscopy (2PM), and discuss its potential in interpreting the mechanisms underlying glucose homeostasis and monitoring impaired islet function.
Keywords: Optical microscopy, extended focus Optical Coherence Microscopy (xfOCM), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Optical Coherence Microscopy (OCM), Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FDOCT) in vitro imaging, in vivo imaging, diabetes mellitus, beta cell mass, insulin, islet of Langerhans
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Towards High Resolution Optical Imaging of Beta Cells In Vivo
Volume: 16 Issue: 14
Author(s): M. Villiger, J. Goulley, E.J. Martin-Williams, A. Grapin-Botton and T. Lasser
Affiliation:
Keywords: Optical microscopy, extended focus Optical Coherence Microscopy (xfOCM), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Optical Coherence Microscopy (OCM), Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FDOCT) in vitro imaging, in vivo imaging, diabetes mellitus, beta cell mass, insulin, islet of Langerhans
Abstract: Endocrine beta cells produce and release insulin in order to tightly regulate glucose homeostasis and prevent metabolic pathologies such as Diabetes Mellitus. Optical imaging has contributed greatly to our current understanding of beta cell structure and function. In vitro microscopy of beta cell lines has revealed the localization of molecular components in the cell and more recently their dynamic behavior. In cultured islets, interactions of beta cells with other islet cells and the matrix as well as paracrine and autocrine signaling or reaction to nutrients have been studied. Lastly, microscopy has been performed on tissue sections, visualizing the islets in an environment closer to their natural surroundings. In most efforts to date, the samples have been isolated for investigation and hence have by definition been divorced from their natural environments and deprived of vascularization and innervations. In such a setting the beta cells lack the metabolic information that is primordial to their basic function of maintaining glucose homeostasis. We review optical microscopy; its general principles, its impact in decoding beta cell function and its recent developments towards the more physiologically relevant assessment of beta cell function within the environment of the whole organism. This requires both large imaging depth and fast acquisition times. Only few methods can achieve an adequate compromise. We present extended focus Optical Coherence Microscopy (xfOCM) as a valuable alternative to both confocal microscopy and two photon microscopy (2PM), and discuss its potential in interpreting the mechanisms underlying glucose homeostasis and monitoring impaired islet function.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Villiger M., Goulley J., Martin-Williams E.J., Grapin-Botton A. and Lasser T., Towards High Resolution Optical Imaging of Beta Cells In Vivo, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2010; 16 (14) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210791164153
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210791164153 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) Evaluation in Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Current Vascular Pharmacology Dynamical Properties of Steric Zipper Polymorphs Formed by a IAPPDerived Peptide
Protein & Peptide Letters Use of Antihistamines in Ocular Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Vascular Cognitive Disorder: A Diagnostic and Pharmacological Treatment Updating
Current Psychopharmacology Melatonin as Antioxidant Under Pathological Processes
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Aspirin and Other Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: State of the Art, Barriers and Perspectives
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design Sol-gel Encapsulation of Biomolecules and Cells for Medicinal Applications
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Human Tissue Kallikrein: A New Bullet for the Treatment of Ischemia
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anti-hyperglycemic Properties of a Purified Proteinaceous Protease Inhibitor from Macrotyloma Uniflorum Seeds
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Atopic Dermatitis in the Elderly
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Clomiphene Citrate, Metformin or Both for Ovulation Induction in Therapy Naïve Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)? A Descriptive Review
Current Drug Therapy Enhanced Free Radical Status of Cancer Cells Success and Failure of Prooxidant/Antioxidant Treatment
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Pleiotropic Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Diabetic Heart and the Cardiovascular Surgeon
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Natural AMPK Activators: An Alternative Approach for the Treatment and Management of Metabolic Syndrome
Current Medicinal Chemistry SGLT-2 inhibitors in Diabetic Kidney Disease: What Lies Behind their Renoprotective Properties?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Perinatal Heart Programming: Long-term Consequences
Current Medicinal Chemistry Subject Index To Volume 4
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis
Current Hypertension Reviews Preparation and Characterization of Glipizide Loaded Eudragit Microparticles
Micro and Nanosystems