Abstract
Although cell transfection by viral vectors is highly efficient, undesirable side effects including immunogenicity, toxicity and carcinogenesis have to be taken into consideration before their clinical applications. In contrast, most nonviral vectors, such as chitosan, are advantageous due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and immunogenicity. However, the tranfection efficiency of chitosan as gene vector is rather low because of its low stability and low buffering capacity. Recent technological progress in chemical modification of chitosan has led to improvements of its transfection efficiency without disturbing its biocompatibility and biodegradability. These advances have led to a better understanding of the relationship between the physicochemical characteristics of a non-viral vector and its transfection efficiency. In this review, we summarize the obstacles encountered during the transfection process of chitosan and its derivatives, and then focus on strategies to overcome these obstacles. An accurate method for determining the rate-limiting step and intracellular unpacking kinetics of chitosan and its derivatives is also presented. Lastly, gene-silencing chitosan/ small interfering RNA (chitosan/siRNA) complexes and prospects of feasible methods for enhancing the transfection efficiency of chitosan and its derivatives are discussed.
Keywords: Chemical modification, biological reconstruction, rate-limiting step, chitosan/siRNA complex
Current Gene Therapy
Title: Progress and Prospects of Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Non-Viral Gene Vectors in Gene Therapy
Volume: 9 Issue: 6
Author(s): Haijun Tong, Qin Shi, Julio C. Fernandes, Li Liu, Kerong Dai and Xiaoling Zhang
Affiliation:
Keywords: Chemical modification, biological reconstruction, rate-limiting step, chitosan/siRNA complex
Abstract: Although cell transfection by viral vectors is highly efficient, undesirable side effects including immunogenicity, toxicity and carcinogenesis have to be taken into consideration before their clinical applications. In contrast, most nonviral vectors, such as chitosan, are advantageous due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and immunogenicity. However, the tranfection efficiency of chitosan as gene vector is rather low because of its low stability and low buffering capacity. Recent technological progress in chemical modification of chitosan has led to improvements of its transfection efficiency without disturbing its biocompatibility and biodegradability. These advances have led to a better understanding of the relationship between the physicochemical characteristics of a non-viral vector and its transfection efficiency. In this review, we summarize the obstacles encountered during the transfection process of chitosan and its derivatives, and then focus on strategies to overcome these obstacles. An accurate method for determining the rate-limiting step and intracellular unpacking kinetics of chitosan and its derivatives is also presented. Lastly, gene-silencing chitosan/ small interfering RNA (chitosan/siRNA) complexes and prospects of feasible methods for enhancing the transfection efficiency of chitosan and its derivatives are discussed.
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Cite this article as:
Tong Haijun, Shi Qin, Fernandes C. Julio, Liu Li, Dai Kerong and Zhang Xiaoling, Progress and Prospects of Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Non-Viral Gene Vectors in Gene Therapy, Current Gene Therapy 2009; 9 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156652309790031111
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156652309790031111 |
Print ISSN 1566-5232 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5631 |
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Programmed Cell Death (PCD) is recognized as a pivotal biological mechanism with far-reaching effects in the realm of cancer therapy. This complex process encompasses a variety of cell death modalities, including apoptosis, autophagic cell death, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, each of which contributes to the intricate landscape of cancer development and ...read more
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