Abstract
Inflammation is a local or systemic tissue reaction caused by external or internal stimuli with the objective to remove the noxa, inhibit its further dissemination and eventually repair damaged tissue. Blood vessels and perivascular connective tissue are important regulators of the inflammatory process. After a short initial ischemic phase, inflamed tissue is characterized by hyperaemia and increased permeability of capillaries. Therefore, blood vessels have been in the focus of inflammation research for quite some time, whereas lymphatic vessels have been neglected. Their reactivity is not immediately obvious, and, their identification within the tissue has hardly been possible until lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-specific molecules have been identified a few years ago. This has opened up the possibility to study lymphatics in normal and diseased tissues, and to isolate LECs for transcriptome and proteome analyses. Initial studies now provide evidence that lymphatics are not just a passive route for circulating lymphocytes, but seem to be directly involved in both the induction and the resolution of inflammation. This review provides a summary on the basics of inflammation, the structure of lymphatics and their molecular markers, human inflammation-associated diseases and their relation to lymphatics, animal models to study the interaction of lymphatics and inflammation, and finally inflammation-associated molecules expressed in LECs. The integration of lymphatics into inflammation research opens up an exciting new field with great clinical potential.
Keywords: Lymphatic vessel, Inflammation, Lymphatic endothelial cell, Lymphangiogenesis, Leukocytes
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Lymphatics and Inflammation
Volume: 16 Issue: 34
Author(s): J. Wilting, J. Becker, K. Buttler and H. A. Weich
Affiliation:
Keywords: Lymphatic vessel, Inflammation, Lymphatic endothelial cell, Lymphangiogenesis, Leukocytes
Abstract: Inflammation is a local or systemic tissue reaction caused by external or internal stimuli with the objective to remove the noxa, inhibit its further dissemination and eventually repair damaged tissue. Blood vessels and perivascular connective tissue are important regulators of the inflammatory process. After a short initial ischemic phase, inflamed tissue is characterized by hyperaemia and increased permeability of capillaries. Therefore, blood vessels have been in the focus of inflammation research for quite some time, whereas lymphatic vessels have been neglected. Their reactivity is not immediately obvious, and, their identification within the tissue has hardly been possible until lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-specific molecules have been identified a few years ago. This has opened up the possibility to study lymphatics in normal and diseased tissues, and to isolate LECs for transcriptome and proteome analyses. Initial studies now provide evidence that lymphatics are not just a passive route for circulating lymphocytes, but seem to be directly involved in both the induction and the resolution of inflammation. This review provides a summary on the basics of inflammation, the structure of lymphatics and their molecular markers, human inflammation-associated diseases and their relation to lymphatics, animal models to study the interaction of lymphatics and inflammation, and finally inflammation-associated molecules expressed in LECs. The integration of lymphatics into inflammation research opens up an exciting new field with great clinical potential.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Wilting J., Becker J., Buttler K. and Weich A. H., Lymphatics and Inflammation, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 16 (34) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709789760751
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709789760751 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Antibacterial Function of the Human Cathelicidin-18 Peptide (LL-37) between Theory and Practice
Protein & Peptide Letters Hyperhomocysteinemia in Movement Disorders: Current Evidence and Hypotheses
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Physiological Basis and Nutritional Function of Alpha-ketoglutarate
Current Protein & Peptide Science Pharmacological and Cellular Therapies to Prevent Restenosis after Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty and Stenting
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Oral IIa and Xa Inhibitors for Prevention of Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Studies and Regulatory Considerations
Current Clinical Pharmacology Current Status of Pharmacological Thrombolytic Therapy and Mechanical Thrombectomy for the Treatment of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Current Guidelines and Strategies in Management of Renal Vein Thrombosis
Current Pediatric Reviews Current Status of Newer Antiinfectives
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Renal Protective Effect of Metabolic Therapy in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes: From Bench to Bed Side
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neurocysticercosis: The Enigmatic Disease
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Heart in Sepsis: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Management
Current Vascular Pharmacology Blood Brain Barrier Compromise with Endothelial Inflammation may Lead to Autoimmune Loss of Myelin during Multiple Sclerosis
Current Neurovascular Research Depressed Glucose Consumption at Reperfusion following Brain Ischemia does not Correlate with Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Development of Infarction: An in vivo Positron Emission Tomography Study
Current Neurovascular Research The Crosstalk of RAS with the TGF-β Family During Carcinoma Progression and its Implications for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Revisiting the ABCs of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Gene and Stem Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction and Pulmonary Hypertension; Potential Treatments for the Common Problem of Endothelial Dysfunction
Current Gene Therapy Mechanisms, Prevention and Treatment of Distal Embolization
Current Pharmaceutical Design Static Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in Humans
Current Hypertension Reviews Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest –Optimal Management
Current Cardiology Reviews Leptin Signaling in Blood Platelets as a Target for Therapeutic Intervention
Current Signal Transduction Therapy