Abstract
Protein cysteines (cysteinyl residues) play critical roles in biological processes. In the course of protein evolution under oxidizing atmosphere of the Earth, organisms have utilized highly reactive cysteines in many proteins essential for maintenance of life, i.e. enzymes, transcriptional factors, cytoskeletons, and receptors. In some enzymes, sophistical cysteine modification characterizes each catalytic mechanism. In vivo modification of protein cysteines with natural chemical compounds modulates protein functions as a molecular switch. Oxidation/reduction, thiol-disulfide exchange, nitrosylation, sulfuration, thiolation, acylation and prenylation are involved. Some protein cysteines coordinate metals or metal cofactors such as a heme or an iron sulfur cluster to form metalloproteins, serving as sensor proteins, metalloenzymes or transcriptional factors. Information on the in vitro chemical modifications and their reaction specificities of protein cysteines are essential for the investigation of the mechanisms and functions of in vivo protein cysteine modifications. In this review, we also mention historically important knowledge other than recent results on protein cysteine modification and modulation of protein function to fertilize medical proteomics.
Keywords: Cysteine modification, Enzyme catalysis, Protein function, Proteomics, Redox regulation
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Protein Cysteine Modifications: (1) Medicinal Chemistry for Proteomics
Volume: 16 Issue: 33
Author(s): N. Nagahara, T. Matsumura, R. Okamoto and Y. Kajihara
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cysteine modification, Enzyme catalysis, Protein function, Proteomics, Redox regulation
Abstract: Protein cysteines (cysteinyl residues) play critical roles in biological processes. In the course of protein evolution under oxidizing atmosphere of the Earth, organisms have utilized highly reactive cysteines in many proteins essential for maintenance of life, i.e. enzymes, transcriptional factors, cytoskeletons, and receptors. In some enzymes, sophistical cysteine modification characterizes each catalytic mechanism. In vivo modification of protein cysteines with natural chemical compounds modulates protein functions as a molecular switch. Oxidation/reduction, thiol-disulfide exchange, nitrosylation, sulfuration, thiolation, acylation and prenylation are involved. Some protein cysteines coordinate metals or metal cofactors such as a heme or an iron sulfur cluster to form metalloproteins, serving as sensor proteins, metalloenzymes or transcriptional factors. Information on the in vitro chemical modifications and their reaction specificities of protein cysteines are essential for the investigation of the mechanisms and functions of in vivo protein cysteine modifications. In this review, we also mention historically important knowledge other than recent results on protein cysteine modification and modulation of protein function to fertilize medical proteomics.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nagahara N., Matsumura T., Okamoto R. and Kajihara Y., Protein Cysteine Modifications: (1) Medicinal Chemistry for Proteomics, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 16 (33) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709789712880
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709789712880 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Molecular Dynamics and Regulation of Butyrylcholinesterase Cholinergic Activity by RNA Binding Proteins
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Current Clinical Applications of In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Imaging
Current Medical Imaging Application of Sulfamic Acid in Organic Synthesis-A Short Review
Current Organic Chemistry A Direct Interaction Between Mitochondrial Proteins and Amyloid-β Peptide and its Significance for the Progression and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Gelatin Nanospheres for the Oral Delivery of Selegiline
Current Nanoscience Editorial [Hot topic: Endocannabinoid Signaling and Neuroinflammatory Diseases (Executive Editor: Mauro Maccarrone)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Evaluation of Current Pharmacological Treatment Options in the Management of Rett Syndrome: From the Present to Future Therapeutic Alternatives.
Current Clinical Pharmacology Biological Signatures of Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Monoamine Oxidases with Multipotent Ligands: An Emerging Strategy in the Search of New Drugs Against Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Impact and Therapeutic Potential of PPARs in Alzheimers Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Immune-inflammatory Pathways in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
Current Neuropharmacology Calcium-Sensing Receptors of Human Astrocyte-Neuron Teams: Amyloid-β-Driven Mediators and Therapeutic Targets of Alzheimer's Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Extraction, Characterization and In Vivo Neuromodulatory Activity of Phytosterols from Microalga Dunaliella Tertiolecta
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in the Different Stages of Alzheimers Disease Pathology
Current Pharmaceutical Design Resveratrol as a Potential Therapeutic Candidate for the Treatment and Management of Alzheimer's Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Soothing the Inflamed Brain: Effect of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Alzheimers Disease Pathology
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Emerging Methods for Structural Analysis of Protein Aggregation
Protein & Peptide Letters Symptomatic Improvement, Increased Life-Span and Sustained Cell Homing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis After Transplantation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Genetically Modified with Adeno-Viral Vectors Expressing a Neuro-Protective Factor and a Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule
Current Gene Therapy Role of Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathways in Brain Injuries
Current Chemical Biology Genetic Features of MAPT, GRN, C9orf72 and CHCHD10 Gene Mutations in Chinese Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia
Current Alzheimer Research