Abstract
Our intestinal microbiota serve many roles vital to the normal daily function of the human gastrointestinal tract. Many probiotics are derived from our intestinal bacteria, and have been shown to provide clinical benefit in a variety of gastrointestinal conditions. Current evidence indicates that probiotic effects are strain-specific, they do not act through the same mechanisms, and nor are all probiotics indicated for the same health conditions. However, they do share several common features in that they exert anti-inflammatory effects, they employ different strategies to antagonize competing microorganisms, and they induce cytoprotective changes in the host either through enhancement of barrier function, or through the upregulation of cytoprotective host proteins. In this review we focus on a few selected probiotics – a bacterial mixture (VSL), a Gram-negative probiotic (E. coli Nissle 1917), two Gram-positive probiotic bacteria (LGG, L.reuteri), and a yeast probiotic (S. boulardii) – for which sound clinical and mechanistic data is available. Safety of probiotic formulations is also discussed.
Keywords: Probiotics, intestinal microbiota, inflammation, colitis
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Probiotics and Gastrointestinal Disease: Clinical Evidence and Basic Science
Volume: 8 Issue: 3
Author(s): Elaine O. Petrof
Affiliation:
Keywords: Probiotics, intestinal microbiota, inflammation, colitis
Abstract: Our intestinal microbiota serve many roles vital to the normal daily function of the human gastrointestinal tract. Many probiotics are derived from our intestinal bacteria, and have been shown to provide clinical benefit in a variety of gastrointestinal conditions. Current evidence indicates that probiotic effects are strain-specific, they do not act through the same mechanisms, and nor are all probiotics indicated for the same health conditions. However, they do share several common features in that they exert anti-inflammatory effects, they employ different strategies to antagonize competing microorganisms, and they induce cytoprotective changes in the host either through enhancement of barrier function, or through the upregulation of cytoprotective host proteins. In this review we focus on a few selected probiotics – a bacterial mixture (VSL), a Gram-negative probiotic (E. coli Nissle 1917), two Gram-positive probiotic bacteria (LGG, L.reuteri), and a yeast probiotic (S. boulardii) – for which sound clinical and mechanistic data is available. Safety of probiotic formulations is also discussed.
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Cite this article as:
Petrof O. Elaine, Probiotics and Gastrointestinal Disease: Clinical Evidence and Basic Science, Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 8 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152309789151977
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152309789151977 |
Print ISSN 1871-5230 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-614X |
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