Abstract
The parallel epidemics of obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are progressing rapidly in Australia. The high prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle in the population, compounded by later child bearing, has led to an increase in the prevalence of T2DM pre-dating pregnancy. In some centers, pregnant women with T2DM now outnumber those with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Although there is controversy as to whether T2DM is associated with worse outcomes than T1DM in pregnancy, modern reports clearly acknowledge the seriousness of this condition. There is a clear association between obesity and adverse pregnancy outcomes (cesarean section, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, birth defects and prematurity). Aside from obesity and the metabolic syndrome, additional factors may contribute to these adverse outcomes: A lack of preconception planning, a failure to achieve tight glycaemic control early in pregnancy and socio-economic disadvantage. Its likely that obesity and diabetes have compounding effects on pregnancy outcomes. In this review, we evaluate both the underlying pathogenesis of T2DM and obesity in the pregnancy context and the adverse clinical maternal and perinatal outcomes described in pregnancies complicated by maternal T2DM and obesity. We highlight the need for a comprehensive strategy to improve clinical outcomes in these pregnancies.
Keywords: Pregnancy, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Obesity, Fetal outcomes, Maternal outcomes, Hypertension
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Pregnancy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Problems & Promises
Volume: 5 Issue: 3
Author(s): H. D. McIntyre, M. K. Thomae, S. F. Wong, N. Idris and L. K. Callaway
Affiliation:
Keywords: Pregnancy, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Obesity, Fetal outcomes, Maternal outcomes, Hypertension
Abstract: The parallel epidemics of obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are progressing rapidly in Australia. The high prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle in the population, compounded by later child bearing, has led to an increase in the prevalence of T2DM pre-dating pregnancy. In some centers, pregnant women with T2DM now outnumber those with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Although there is controversy as to whether T2DM is associated with worse outcomes than T1DM in pregnancy, modern reports clearly acknowledge the seriousness of this condition. There is a clear association between obesity and adverse pregnancy outcomes (cesarean section, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, birth defects and prematurity). Aside from obesity and the metabolic syndrome, additional factors may contribute to these adverse outcomes: A lack of preconception planning, a failure to achieve tight glycaemic control early in pregnancy and socio-economic disadvantage. Its likely that obesity and diabetes have compounding effects on pregnancy outcomes. In this review, we evaluate both the underlying pathogenesis of T2DM and obesity in the pregnancy context and the adverse clinical maternal and perinatal outcomes described in pregnancies complicated by maternal T2DM and obesity. We highlight the need for a comprehensive strategy to improve clinical outcomes in these pregnancies.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
McIntyre D. H., Thomae K. M., Wong F. S., Idris N. and Callaway K. L., Pregnancy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Problems & Promises, Current Diabetes Reviews 2009; 5 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339909788920893
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339909788920893 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Delirium Secondary to Lamotrigine Toxicity
Current Drug Safety Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Regulation By Endogenous Gases During Inflammation and Organ Stress
Current Pharmaceutical Design Are Cerebrovascular White Matter Lesions an Early Sign of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Dementia?
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Augmentation of Creatine in the Heart
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry mTOR in Growth and Protection of Hypertrophying Myocardium
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Use of Vitamin D in Respiratory Diseases
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Biomedical Application of Polymers: A Case Study of Non-CNS Drugs Becoming CNS Acting Drugs
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fibrates: An Overview
Current Medicinal Chemistry Overuse of PPIs in Patients at Admission, During Hospitalisation, and at Discharge in a Terciary Spanish Hospital
Current Clinical Pharmacology Atypical Chest Pain in ACS: A Trap Especially for Women
Current Pharmaceutical Design Endothelial Expression of MHC Class II Molecules in Autoimmune Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dural Venous Sinuses: What We Need to Know
Current Medical Imaging The Cytoprotective and Anti-cancer Potential of Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids from <I>Nelumbo nucifera</I>
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Multiple Lipid-lowering Treatment in Pediatric Patients with Hyperlipidemia
Medicinal Chemistry Beneficial Effects of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activator Dize in Renovascular Hypertension
Protein & Peptide Letters Myxedema Heart Disease: A Rare Disease Entity: Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature
Current Hypertension Reviews Physiological Mechanisms of Action of Incretin and Insulin in Regulating Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
Current Diabetes Reviews Development of Mucoadhesive Patches for Buccal Administration of Carvedilol
Current Drug Delivery Defining Statistical Race and Phenotypic Race and Their Implications for Health Disparities
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Opioid Dependency and Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology